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目的探索三峡库区潜在血吸虫病流行危险因素下的防治模式,为制定综合防治措施提供依据。方法 2008-2010年选择重庆市万州区长江边的2个自然村为血防干预示范点,对学生和居民开展血防健康教育,选择部分居民户进行改水改厕,通过问卷调查和相关环境样品检测,观察其干预效果。结果干预后居民、学生的血防知识总及格率分别为86.3%(392/454)和87.2%(232/266),与干预前居民3.9%(22/566)及学生9.4%(30/318)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);改水后居民生活饮用水微生物及感官指标超标样品数下降,其中微生物超标率显著下降,改水前后样品中细菌总数超标率分别为86.5%(173/200)和20.0%(20/100);干预前后,示范点居民常见肠道线虫总感染率分别为31.5%(63/200)和14.5%(29/200)。结论健康教育和改水改厕等模拟血防干预手段,能提高居民血防知晓率,增强血防意识,亦可在一定程度上控制虫卵入水等环节降低血吸虫病在三峡库区传播的潜在风险。
Objective To explore the mode of prevention and treatment under the risk factors of potential schistosomiasis in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and provide the basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and control measures. Methods Two natural villages along the Yangtze River in Wanzhou District of Chongqing Municipality were selected as demonstration sites for blood-borne intervention in 2008-2010. Blood-health education was conducted for students and residents. Some households were selected to change their toilets and toilets. Through questionnaires and relevant environmental samples, Observe the effect of its intervention. Results After the intervention, the total passing rate of knowledge about blood-prevention among residents and students was 86.3% (392/454) and 87.2% (232/266) respectively, which was 3.9% (22/566) before intervention and 9.4% (30/318) (P <0.05). After drinking water was changed, the number of over-standard microbes and organoleptic indicators of drinking water decreased, and the over-standard rate of microorganisms decreased significantly. The over-standard rates of total bacteria in the samples before and after water diversion were 86.5% (173/200) and 20.0% (20/100) respectively. Before and after the intervention, the total infection rates of common intestinal nematodes were 31.5% (63/200) and 14.5% (29/200) respectively. Conclusion Simulated blood-borne interventions such as health education and water improvement and toileting improvement can increase residents’ awareness of blood-borne disease and enhance awareness of blood-borne disease. It can also reduce the potential risks of schistosomiasis transmission in the Three Gorges reservoir area by controlling the water intake of eggs and so on.