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与其他存在哲学家不同,卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯的死亡观并没有囿于关于死亡的总体的、存在概念的定义,而是直面死亡,探讨人对死亡的各种态度。围绕这些不同态度,他进一步深入分析了人之中死亡所无法摧毁的可能根据,即生存的自由这一人的不死的可能性根据。雅斯贝尔斯把死亡界定为人的存在无可逃避的边缘境况,并揭示了人面对死亡所能采取的两种态度:第一,可以把死亡体验为灰飞烟灭、化为乌有,从而把死亡当作虚妄的终结来了结;第二,可以把死亡体验为超然于生与死的东西,从而把死亡当作借以体验无制约的东西的契机。最终,对死亡的理解和解释取决于每个人对死亡抱有怎样的意识,采取怎样的态度。作为单纯的此在,我们必然会死,但是,作为意识到自身自由的生存,我们绝不会死。
Unlike other existential philosophers, Karl Jaspers’s concept of death does not follow the definition of concept of existence as a whole about death, but instead deals directly with death and explores various attitudes toward death. Around these different attitudes, he further analyzed in depth the possible basis for the unmanageable death of man, that is, the basis of the possibility of immortality of the person who is living. Jaspers defines death as the inevitable marginalization of man’s existence and reveals two attitudes that people can take in the face of death: first, death can be extinct, vanished and death destroyed As an end to falsehood; second, experience death as something that is transcendental to life and death, and treat death as an opportunity to experience unbridled things. Ultimately, the understanding and interpretation of death depends on each person’s sense of death and what attitude they take. As a mere matter, we are bound to die, but we will never die as we realize our own freedom.