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挽救危亡、振兴中华是近代中国人强烈的要求和奋斗目标。虽然,靠什么途径实现这个目标,曾引起过多种争论,但在相当长的一段时间内,不少中国人都把有效的反侵略建立在学习西方的“坚船利炮”及其相应的社会政治制度以至伦理观念、价值观念等等上面,直到陈独秀发动新文化运动时,追求的目标依然是“再现法兰西文明”。但第一次世界大战和十月革命的爆发,使情况发生了根本性的变化,一方面,“西方的没落”打破了中国人几十年来追求的梦想,另一方面,十月革命和苏维埃社会主义制度的建立又给绝望中的人们带来了新的希望,在五四运动的推动下中国思想界很快兴起了一场竞相宣传和研究社会主义的热潮。到此时,资本主义文明不再是近代文明的专有名词了,中国人的近代化道路有了选择的余地,解决中国的问题到底应该继续走资本主义的路还是应该学习俄国走社会主义的路,
Saving the crisis and rejuvenating China are the strong demands and goals of modern China. Although there are controversies over the ways in which this goal can be achieved, many Chinese have, for quite some time now, established effective anti-aggression in learning from the West and their corresponding Social and political system as well as ethical values, values and so on. Until Chen Duxiu launched the New Culture Movement, the goal pursued was still to “reproduce the French civilization.” However, the outbreak of World War I and the October Revolution has fundamentally changed the situation. On the one hand, “the decline of the West” has broken the dream China has pursued for decades. On the other hand, the October Revolution and the Soviet Union The establishment of the socialist system also brought new hope to those in despair. Under the impetus of the May Fourth Movement, the Chinese ideological world quickly started a boom that competed for propaganda and study of socialism. By this time, capitalist civilization is no longer the nomenclature of modern civilization. The Chinese people’s modernization has the choice. To solve the problem of China, should we continue to follow the path of capitalism, or should we learn from Russia’s socialism? road,