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目的了解扬州市广陵区小学生营养与视力不良的现状及两者的关系,为有关防控对策的制定提供依据。方法统计2010年广陵区小学生健康体检资料,根据性别、城乡、年级等不同人口学特征,分析营养状态和视力不良指标的差异及两者的关系。结果小学生肥胖、营养不良构成比和视力不良检出率均随年级增加有所上升;男生肥胖、超重构成比(20.54%,8.84%)均高于女生(12.47%,7.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男生较低体重、营养不良构成比和视力不良检出率(24.32%,4.00%,38.15%)均低于女生(31.51%,5.10%,45.20%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);城区小学生肥胖、较低体重、营养不良构成比和视力不良检出率(17.94%,29.21%,5.58%,46.38%)均高于乡镇(14.42%,24.43%,2.30%,31.12%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肥胖、营养不良的男、女生视力不良检出率(肥胖男40.71%、营养不良男48.06%,肥胖女50.29%、营养不良女51.99%)均高于正常体重男、女生(36.32%,44.52%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);视力不良程度以中度为主,营养不良者以重度视力不良者居多。结论扬州市广陵区小学生营养状况总体为营养缺乏和营养过剩并重。视力不良与营养状况有关,加强视力保护要采取包括强化营养改善在内的综合措施。
Objective To understand the status quo of nutrition and poor eyesight of pupils in Guangling District of Yangzhou City and their relationship, and to provide basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods According to the demographic data of primary school students in Guangling district in 2010, the differences of nutritional status and poor eyesight indicators and the relationship between them were analyzed according to different demographic characteristics such as gender, urban and rural areas, grades and so on. Results The prevalence of obesity, malnutrition and poor eyesight in primary school students increased with the increase of grade. The obesity and overweight boys (20.54%, 8.84%) were significantly higher than girls (12.47%, 7.00%) (P <0.01). The detection rates of lower body weight, malnutrition and poor eyesight in boys were significantly lower than those in girls (31.51%, 5.10% and 45.15%, 24.32%, 4.00% and 38.15% respectively) (P <0.01). The detection rates of obesity, lower body weight, malnutrition and poor eyesight in urban primary school students were higher than those in townships (14.42%, 24.43%, 17.94%, 29.21%, 5.58%, 46.38% , 2.30%, 31.12% respectively), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01); The incidences of poor eyesight in obese and undernourished boys and girls were 40.71% for obesity, 48.06% for malnutrition and 50.29% for obese women, 51.99%) were higher than the normal male and female (36.32%, 44.52%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01); the degree of visual acuity was moderate, malnutrition were mainly those with severe visual acuity . Conclusion The nutritional status of primary school students in Guangling District of Yangzhou City is generally both malnutrition and overnutrition. Poor vision and nutritional status, to strengthen the protection of vision to take, including the enhancement of nutritional improvement, including comprehensive measures.