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目的调查无偿献血者的健康相关生命质量(HRQo L),并分析其影响因素。方法于2015年7—11月,在北京市红十字血液中心的献血小屋和采血车上调查无偿献血者及陪同的未献血者;委托献血志愿者在进行志愿服务时发放问卷并辅助调查;在专业调查网站上发布电子版调查问卷。对调查对象个人信息、生活习惯、献血信息进行调查;并采用简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)对其HRQoL进行调查。结果共发放问卷749份,回收725份,有效662份,有效回收率为88.38%。不同献血次数者生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、一般健康状况(GH)、生理领域(PCS)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、精神健康(MH)、心理领域(MCS)评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中献血1~4次、5~9次、≥10次者PF、RP、BP、GH、PCS、VT、SF、MCS评分均高于献血0次者;献血5~9次者SF评分高于献血1~4次者;献血≥10次者GH、PCS、VT、SF、MH、MCS评分均高于献血1~4次者,MH、MCS评分均高于献血5~9次者(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,献血次数是PF、RP评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、文化程度、体质指数(BMI)是BP、PCS、SF评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、文化程度、运动习惯、睡眠时间、BMI是GH评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、运动习惯、BMI是VT评分的影响因素(P<0.05);献血次数、文化程度、饮酒习惯、运动习惯、BMI是MH、MCS评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论无偿献血者的HRQo L优于未献血者,多次献血行为与较高的HRQo L关系紧密。同时,无偿献血者的HRQo L也会受到行为生活方式等因素的影响。
Objective To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQo L) of unpaid blood donors and analyze the influencing factors. Methods From July to November 2015, blood donors and blood donors in the Red Cross Blood Center of Beijing were investigated for unpaid blood donors and unaccompanied donors. Blood donors were given voluntary questionnaires to assist in the investigation. Professional survey website to publish an electronic version of the questionnaire. The personal information, lifestyle and blood donation information of the respondents were surveyed. HRQoL was investigated using the Concise Health Questionnaire (SF-36). Results A total of 749 questionnaires were distributed, 725 copies were recovered, effective 662 copies, the effective recovery rate was 88.38%. The frequency of blood donation varied from physical function (PF), physical function (RP), physical pain (BP), general health (GH), physical activity (PCS), energy (VT), social function (P <0.05). Among them, the scores of PF, RP, BP, GH, PCS, VT, SF and MCS scores were higher than those who donated blood 0 times; those with blood donation 5 to 9 times were higher than those who donated blood 1 to 4 times; those who donated blood more than 10 times had higher scores of GH, PCS, VT, SF, MH and MCS 1 ~ 4 times, MH, MCS scores were higher than the 5 to 9 times the blood donation (P <0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the frequency of blood donation was the influencing factor of PF and RP scores (P <0.05). The frequency of blood donation, educational level and body mass index (BMI) were the influential factors of BP, PCS and SF scores (P <0.05). The frequency of blood donation, education level, exercise habit, sleep time and BMI were the influential factors of GH score (P <0.05). The frequency of blood donation, exercise habit and BMI were the influential factors of VT score (P <0.05) Drinking habits, exercise habits, BMI were the influencing factors of MH and MCS scores (P <0.05). Conclusion The HRQo L of unpaid blood donors is better than that of non-blood donors, and the multiple blood donation behaviors are closely related to the higher HRQo L. At the same time, the HRQoL for unpaid blood donors is also influenced by factors such as behavioral lifestyle.