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对于无机酸在溶液中的强度及其与结构的关系,前人已经作过不少研究。曾有人提出用酸根的质子亲合能来阐明无机酸的相对强度及其递变规律。但是,关于酸根质子亲合能还没有一个确切的定义,也没有找到用合适的物理量来表示其大小。本文拟在前人工作的基础上,用热力学量△G°(过程的等压自由能改变)给酸根的质子亲合能以明确的定义,并以此为准,对无机酸的相对强度予以统一标度;同时提出质子亲合能与某些键参数的关系式,对无机酸的强度与结构的关系给予说明。
For the strength of inorganic acids in solution and its relationship with the structure, many studies have been made before. It has been proposed to use the proton affinity of acid radicals to clarify the relative strength of inorganic acids and their changing rules. However, there is no definitive definition of acid proton affinities, and no exact physical quantities have been found to indicate their size. Based on the work of predecessors, this paper intends to clearly define the proton affinity of the acid radical with the thermodynamic quantity △ G ° (the change of the isobaric free energy of the process), on the basis of which the relative strength of the inorganic acid is given Unified scale; At the same time proton affinity and some key parameters of the relationship between the strength and structure of inorganic acid to give an explanation.