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为明确当前江苏各地不同熟期粳稻品种的安全播期,以江苏的4个熟期类型的5个常规粳稻品种为材料,在江苏连云港(34°83′N)、淮安(33°34′N)、扬州(32°25′N)和苏州(31°18′N)等4地,进行自5月10日起每10天1期,共8个播期的播种试验,得出各播期的相应齐穗期。以齐穗期温光预测模型y=a+b1x1+b2x2拟合其实得的播期与齐穗期资料。用该模型拟合4个试验点、5个供试品种计20组数据,得出20个预测式,其拟合度R2在0.9927~0.9998之间,均达极显著水平。用各试点所在地近25年各年粳稻品种安全齐穗期及逐日平均温度,依齐穗期光温模型预测式经多次迭代推得各年的安全播期,进而求得90%保证率的安全播期并作各地生产应用分析。在江苏淮北的北部,麦稻两熟田水稻的可播栽始期为6月15日,中熟中粳的安全播期为6月21日,此类品种可用于该地直播;其他各熟期类型品种安全播期均早于当地可播栽始期,故不能用于直播。在淮北南部稻麦两熟田的可播栽始期为6月12日左右,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳的安全播期分别在7月4日和6月22日,此两类品种可用于该地麦茬直播;早熟晚粳安全播期在6月17日、18日,在大面积生产中因接茬时间过紧应慎用于麦茬直播;中熟晚粳的安全播期为6月8日,不可用于直播。在苏中南部,水稻可播栽始期为6月8至11日,中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳类型两品种的安全播期分别在7月12日、3日、6月25日和28日,可用于该地直播;中熟晚粳的安全播期为6月11日,用于直播接茬时间太紧,不可应用。在苏南,水稻的可播栽始期为6月5日,供试4熟期类型品种的安全播期分别为7月18日、13日、9日至10日和7月3日,仅考虑安全齐穗各熟期类型品种均可用于麦茬直播,但因中粳类型品种直播稻生育期过短、产量不高,不宜应用。
In order to clarify the safe sowing date of japonica rice cultivars with different ripening dates in Jiangsu Province, five conventional japonica rice cultivars with four maturity stages in Jiangsu Province were used as raw materials in Lianyungang (34 ° 83’N), Huaian (33 ° 34’N ), Yangzhou (32 ° 25’N) and Suzhou (31 ° 18’N), a total of 8 sowing seeding tests were conducted every 10 days from May 10, The corresponding heading date. The sowing date and heading date data were fitted by the prediction model of temperature and light at heading stage, y = a + b1x1 + b2x2. Four test points were fitted by the model and 20 data were obtained from five test cultivars. Twenty predictive formulas were obtained, and the fitting degree R2 was between 0.9927 and 0.9998, reaching extremely significant levels. Using the safe heading date and daily average temperature of japonica rice varieties in each pilot site in recent 25 years, the safe sowing date of each year was obtained by multiple iterations according to the predictive formula of full-peak light-temperature model, and then the 90% guaranteed rate Safe sowing and production applications around the analysis. In the northern part of Huaibei, Jiangsu, the initial sowing date of rice in two mature rice fields is June 15, and the safe sowing date of middle-maturing medium japonica rice is June 21, and these varieties can be used for direct sowing in this area. Other types Variety sowing date is earlier than the local sowing date, it can not be used for live broadcast. The sowing date of the two rice fields in southern Huaibei was about June 12, and the safety sowing dates of medium and medium maturing japonica and late japonica rice were on July 4 and June 22, respectively. These two varieties could be used for The wheat stubble broadcast in this area; early maturing late japonica security sowing on June 17, 18, in large-scale production due to pick-up time is too tight should be used for live broadcast of wheat stubble; medium-sowing late japonica security sowing on June 8 , Not for live broadcast. In southern central Jiangsu Province, the initial sowing date of rice was June 8 to 11, and that of middle-maturing medium japonica rice, late maturing medium japonica rice and early maturing japonica rice was on July 12, March 3, June On the 25th and 28th, it can be used for the live broadcast. The safe sowing date of medium maturing late japonica is June 11, which is too tight for direct seeding stubble and can not be applied. In southern Jiangsu, the initial sowing date of rice was June 5, and the safety sowing date for the four ripening varieties was July 18, 13, 9-10, and July 3, respectively, only considering Saigaohuai all maturity types of varieties can be used for direct seeding of wheat stubble, but because of the short duration of direct seeding rice varieties, the yield is not high, should not be applied.