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目的了解北京市大兴区托幼机构、学校学生水痘发病特点,为进一步做好学校、托幼机构水痘防控工作提供依据。方法收集2011-2013年北京市大兴区水痘个案病例和暴发疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。结果 2011-2013年北京市大兴区累计报告3 168例,年平均发病率75.06/10万,托幼儿童、学校学生水痘病例1 763例,占病例的55.65%;冬春季高发,男女性别发病比例1.49∶1,以小学段高发,占47.87%,自小学段起随着学段的提升,学生水痘发病率呈现下降趋势;接种Var V者的发热、出疹程度较未接种Var V者轻,80.52%的病例接种Var V与发病间隔≥3年;暴发疫情多发生在小学。结论应加强冬春季小学校学生水痘监测,努力提高Var V的免疫接种率,以降低水痘发病率、减少暴发疫情。
Objective To understand the characteristics of chickenpox in kindergartens and school students in Daxing District, Beijing, and to provide basis for further prevention and control of chickenpox in schools and kindergartens. Methods The cases of chickenpox and outbreaks in Daxing District of Beijing from 2011 to 2013 were collected. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 3 168 cases were reported in Daxing District of Beijing from 2011 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 75.06 / 100 000. There were 1 763 chickenpox cases in kindergartens and school students, accounting for 55.65% of the cases. In winter and spring, the incidence of male and female gender 1.49: 1, high incidence of primary school, accounting for 47.87%, since the primary school section with the promotion of students, the incidence of chickenpox showed a downward trend; vaccinated Var V fever, rash than those who did not vaccinate Var V light, 80.52% of cases were vaccinated with Var V with an interval of more than 3 years; the outbreak was mostly in primary school. Conclusion The monitoring of chickenpox should be strengthened in primary and secondary schools in winter and spring to improve the immunization coverage of Var V and reduce the incidence of chickenpox and reduce the outbreak.