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2007—2010年在宁南旱区研究了夏闲期免耕/深松/免耕(T1)、深松/免耕/深松(T2)、连年翻耕(CT)3种耕作方式对麦田土壤水分及产量的影响.结果表明:经过3年夏闲期T1和T2处理后,农田土壤蓄水效率平均分别较连年翻耕处理提高15.2%和26.5%;T1和T2处理的降水潜在利用率较高,分别达到37.8%和38.5%,降水生产效率平均分别较连年翻耕处理提高9.9%和10.7%.夏闲期轮耕能显著降低休闲期的土壤无效蒸发,有效保蓄小麦生长期的土壤水分.在冬小麦生长前期,T1和T2处理0～200cm土层土壤水分平均分别较连年翻耕处理增加6.8%和9.4%;在拔节-抽穗-灌浆期,与连年翻耕处理相比,两处理可显著提高0～200cm土层土壤蓄水量,对作物产量的贡献率较高.不同轮耕模式在增加作物耗水量的同时也提高了作物产量及水分利用效率,与CT处理相比,3年T1和T2处理作物耗水量平均分别提高5.2%和6.1%,产量分别增加9.9%和10.6%,作物水分生产效率分别提高4.5%和4.3%.相关分析表明,在干旱缺水的宁南地区,冬小麦播种期、拔节-抽穗-灌浆期的土壤蓄水量可显著影响产量,尤其抽穗期的土壤蓄水量对产量的影响更大.
In 2007-2010, we studied the effects of three tillage modes of no-tillage / subsoiling / no-tillage (T1), subsoiling / no-tillage / subsoiling (T2) Soil moisture and yield.The results showed that after three years of summer fallow T1 and T2 treatment, the average soil water storage efficiency of farmland increased by 15.2% and 26.5% respectively compared with successive years of tillage treatment. The potential utilization of precipitation under T1 and T2 treatments Respectively, reaching 37.8% and 38.5% respectively, and the average precipitation productivity increased by 9.9% and 10.7% respectively compared with successive years of tillage. Rotation and fallow during summer fallow could significantly reduce ineffective evaporation during the fallow period, Soil water content In the early winter wheat growth period, soil water in 0 ~ 200cm soil layer of T1 and T2 treatments increased by 6.8% and 9.4% respectively compared with that of successive years. In jointing-heading-filling stage, Treatments could significantly increase soil water storage in 0 ~ 200cm soil layer, and had a higher contribution rate to crop yield.Different rotation patterns increased crop water consumption and crop yield and water use efficiency, compared with CT treatment, The average annual water consumption of T1 and T2 crops increased by 5.2% and 6.1% respectively, with a corresponding increase of 9% in output. 9% and 10.6% respectively, and the crop water productivity increased by 4.5% and 4.3% respectively.The correlation analysis showed that in the south of the drought and water shortage, the soil water storage in the winter wheat sowing and jointing-heading-filling stages could significantly affect the yield In particular, soil water storage at heading stage has a greater impact on the yield.