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本文以3个黑麦品种和1个小麦品种,通过人工老化、根尖细胞观察、酶活性分析、电泳技术、电导率和种子活力测定等方法,对种子种质人工老化(模拟贮藏过程老化)中遗传完整性变化进行了较系统的研究。结果表明:黑麦种子在高温高湿人工老化条件下与自然条件下发芽率变化相同,呈反S曲线。过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性在老化初期略有上升,然后急剧下降,再后,下降的速度减慢。酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶的条带数随着老化程度的增加而逐渐减少。发芽率为40～50%是同工酶变化的临界期,这时同工酶条带数急剧减少,随着种子的老化。种子根尖有丝分裂后期异常染色体频率增加,异常染色体频率与种子发芽率呈直线负相关,异常染色体的种类有单桥、双桥、多桥、片段、落后染色体等,种子活力随着老化时间的延长而下降。老化初期,发芽率尚未表现明显下降时,种子活力即开始下降。种子电导率变化规律不明显,使用有机溶剂可以改变老化种子的活力。丙酮—赤酶素溶液能抑制衰老种子的萌发,尿素水溶液浸种能提高种子活力,较高浓度的PEG水溶液浸种能够显著提高种子活力。
In this paper, artificial aging, root tip cell observation, enzyme activity analysis, electrophoresis, conductivity and seed vigor determination were used to evaluate the effects of artificial aging of seed germplasm (simulating the aging process of storage) with three rye varieties and one wheat variety. Genetic changes in the integrity of a more systematic study. The results showed that under the conditions of artificial aging under high temperature and humidity, rye seeds had the same change of germination rate under natural conditions, showing an inverse S curve. Catalase and peroxidase activity increased slightly in the early stages of aging, then declined sharply, and then decreased slowly. The number of esterase and peroxidase bands decreased with the increase of the degree of aging. Germination rate of 40 ~ 50% is the critical period of isoenzyme changes, when the number of isozyme strips decreased sharply, with the aging of the seeds. The frequencies of abnormal chromosomes increased at the late stage of mitosis, and the frequencies of abnormal chromosomes were negatively correlated with the germination rate of seeds. The types of abnormal chromosomes were single bridge, double bridge, multiple bridges, fragments and backward chromosomes. The seed vigor increased with the aging time And down. At the initial stage of aging, when the germination rate has not been significantly decreased, the seed vigor begins to decline. The law of seed conductivity is not obvious, the use of organic solvents can change the vitality of aging seeds. Acetone-aldosterone solution can inhibit the germination of senescent seeds. The soaking of urea aqueous solution can improve the seed vigor. Soaking seeds with higher concentration of PEG aqueous solution can significantly improve seed vigor.