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明清徽州的著姓望族主要由魏晋唐宋以来迁皖的“世家大族”和明清时期徽籍“著名家族”所构成,他们与明清中国封建皇族、贵族的根本区别在于:皇族、贵族的身份和社会地位都是世袭制的,而望族的身份和社会地位却必须依靠自己的努力奋斗(主要走科举入仕道路)去争取与维持。徽州与“人文渊薮”的东南繁华之地的苏州和松江虽均同属江南地区,但徽州望族的社会地位却比较稳定,而不像苏州、松江的许多“富贵之家”那样盛衰迅速交替。徽州望族之所以历久不衰,主要是由于悠久的历史渊源,致力于科举和财富形成的官商相济,以及强烈的乡土家族观念导致的在官场上相互汲引。
Ming and Qing Dynasties Huizhou surnames mainly from the Wei and Jin Tang and Song dynasties moved to Anhui “family monk ” and the Ming and Qing Dynasties emblem “famous family ” constitute the fundamental difference between them and Ming and Qing Dynasties, China’s feudal royalty, aristocracy is: Royal family, aristocratic status and social status are hereditary system, and the status and social status of the family must rely on their own hard work (mainly to take the imperial civil service path) to fight for and maintain. Although both Suzhou and Songjiang in the southeast of Huizhou and the “Humanities and Humanities” are both in the southern part of Jiangnan, the social status of the Huizhou ethnic groups is relatively stable, unlike the ups and downs in many “rich houses” in Suzhou and Songjiang Turn quickly. The reason why the great families in Huizhou have enjoyed a long period of time is mainly due to the long historical origins, their mutual devotion to the government and businessmen in the formation of the imperial examination and the formation of wealth, and the strong sense of the local family.