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During this year’s two sessions—the National People’s Congress （NPC） and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference （CPPCC）， which only just drew to an end， offered proposals mostly concerning people’s livelihoods. Following extensive media coverage， topics triggering considerable social attention including integrating migrant workers into urban areas， doubling incomes and cutting theater ticket price. The following are excerpts.
Issues on Migrant Workers
Zhai Meiqing （CPPCC member）： Migrant workers are eager to settle down in cities， but generally have little education due to a lack time and funds. For this reason， they are less competitive and find only the most menial jobs. While migrants have contributed a lot to city development， the majority are still marginalized. Education and technical skills will facilitate better integration.
Vocational training should be offered to young people moving to cities for work and extended to those already employed in urban areas. It is suggested that both governments and employers pay better attention to the training of migrants.
Zhu Xueqin （NPC deputy）： In a Shanghai reformatory， 85 percent of detained juveniles are the children of migrant workers. When their parents move to cities， most are left behind in minimum care and without the means of communication. Due to limited employment opportunities， these adolescents fall into disrepute when moving to urban areas themselves.
Parents， schools and society should join hands in helping these children， affording them both tolerance and the chance to restart their lives.
Zhu Liangyu （NPC deputy）： The country currently employs about 4.3 million temporary security guards at companies， schools and other sites， most of whom are migrant workers. It is suggested that labor and social security administrations as well as industrial and commercial departments map out policies aimed at private security guard companies. It is hoped that in the future， China’s migrant population can settle down and live a happier life， with full security in medical services， housing and pension， etc.
Plan to Double Income
Han Jianmin （NPC deputy）： To ensure incomes are doubled， we need a normal wagegrowth mechanism to keep pace with the country’s economic development. While stabilizing commodity prices is crucial， the financial capacity of small and mediumsized enterprises should also be taken into account when offering favorable policies in terms of tax and logistics， with the view of protecting sound development. Cai Fang （CPPCC member）： To double incomes， we need to fairly distribute the development fruit of three decades of reform and opening up. If we depend on companies alone to increase workers’ wages， financial sustainability might be jeopardized. The government should draw up detailed policies to support income growth and better welfare.
Zhang Yunling （CPPCC member）： The policy of doubling incomes should be tailored according to different social groups. More financially favorable policies should be offered to low-income groups and remote regions.
China has vast land and a huge population. Huge gaps exist between different regions. In order to keep a basic balance， low-income groups should have their earnings tripled， middle-income groups doubled while high-income groups maintain a growth rate of 0.5 percent. In this way， the poor can benefit most from the income growth plan. The stress here lies not on“average salary growth” for each individual， but the improvement of distribution and the nar- rowing of the income gap.
Wu Zhiming （CPPCC member）： In pushing forward the plan for income doubling， statistics of low， middle and high-income groups should be calculated separately. This would enable the government to make better decisions. The lowincome group is in desperate need of better.
If China’s national economy operates normally， doubling incomes is attainable， despite persistent difficulties. During the past three decades， as income growth fell behind GDP development， a huge gap opened between the rich and poor. How to deal with this will be the biggest obstacle in the country’s plans to boost earnings by 2020.
Theater Ticket Prices
Wu Bixia （NPC deputy， professor at Chinese Conservatory of Music）： The average price of theater tickets in China is among the most expensive in the world， currently averaging 450 yuan （$72.36） against lowincomes of merely 2，000 yuan （$321.6） a month. In contrast， attending theaters in the United States will set you back $45， with low income at $3，000. Expensive tickets mean dwindling audiences and a declining interest in the performing arts. In such a climate both theaters and troupes stand to lose the foundation for growth. Prices need to be dropped to realize sustainable development within the local entertainment industry.
Wei Song （President of Shanghai Opera House）： Theater ticket prices are too high. This is mainly due to an under-developed local market. For instance， when Shanghai Opera House produced the classic Carmen in collaboration with Hong Kong Opera House last year， box office sales reached 1.2 million yuan （$193） during the first four shows. But renting the theater cost 800，000 yuan （$129）. Such figures make you weary when planning a stage performance. After all， the result could be no profits.
Though most theaters are built with public taxes， people have yet to see any plausible return. Soaring costs have added to the rise in ticket prices.
Wang Wenping （General Manager of Qintai Theater in Wuhan， Hubei Province）： Some argue that high theater rents cause rising prices. But theaters have their own difficulties. Even if troupes have their own facilities， the situation is unlikely to change. With a drama such as Teahouse， performer salaries， combined with various other relevant expenses， can reach 2 million yuan（$322）. If the theater sells 1，500 tickets for every show， prices must be fixed at 600 yuan（$96） to make the effort worth while.
Thus， decreasing rent won’t solve the problem. In foreign countries， theaters depend on government subsidies and donations from financial or charitable organizations. While also reducing costs， ticket prices remain low. I believe the government should do more to support the performing arts.
Yang Guoping （Art Director of Shanghai Media and Entertainment Group）： European theaters derive income directly from government subsidies. Such financial allocation initiatives account for 54 percent of the annual earnings at Opernhause Zuerich in Switzerland. Opéra de Paris obtains more than 200 million euros （$261 million） from the Culture Ministry of France every year. In countries such as Japan and South Korea， governments impose restrictions on theater ticket prices via similar subsidies.
The Central Government should urge enterprises and organizations to sponsor public entertainment. From 2009 to 2012， our company spent 1 million yuan （$161） every year in support of Shanghai New Year Concert. In many developed countries， donating toward public events can be rewarded with tax reductions. If the Shanghai Municipal Government could issue such a favorable policy， more enterprises would be willing to back cultural pursuits.
Issues on Migrant Workers
Zhai Meiqing （CPPCC member）： Migrant workers are eager to settle down in cities， but generally have little education due to a lack time and funds. For this reason， they are less competitive and find only the most menial jobs. While migrants have contributed a lot to city development， the majority are still marginalized. Education and technical skills will facilitate better integration.
Vocational training should be offered to young people moving to cities for work and extended to those already employed in urban areas. It is suggested that both governments and employers pay better attention to the training of migrants.
Zhu Xueqin （NPC deputy）： In a Shanghai reformatory， 85 percent of detained juveniles are the children of migrant workers. When their parents move to cities， most are left behind in minimum care and without the means of communication. Due to limited employment opportunities， these adolescents fall into disrepute when moving to urban areas themselves.
Parents， schools and society should join hands in helping these children， affording them both tolerance and the chance to restart their lives.
Zhu Liangyu （NPC deputy）： The country currently employs about 4.3 million temporary security guards at companies， schools and other sites， most of whom are migrant workers. It is suggested that labor and social security administrations as well as industrial and commercial departments map out policies aimed at private security guard companies. It is hoped that in the future， China’s migrant population can settle down and live a happier life， with full security in medical services， housing and pension， etc.
Plan to Double Income
Han Jianmin （NPC deputy）： To ensure incomes are doubled， we need a normal wagegrowth mechanism to keep pace with the country’s economic development. While stabilizing commodity prices is crucial， the financial capacity of small and mediumsized enterprises should also be taken into account when offering favorable policies in terms of tax and logistics， with the view of protecting sound development. Cai Fang （CPPCC member）： To double incomes， we need to fairly distribute the development fruit of three decades of reform and opening up. If we depend on companies alone to increase workers’ wages， financial sustainability might be jeopardized. The government should draw up detailed policies to support income growth and better welfare.
Zhang Yunling （CPPCC member）： The policy of doubling incomes should be tailored according to different social groups. More financially favorable policies should be offered to low-income groups and remote regions.
China has vast land and a huge population. Huge gaps exist between different regions. In order to keep a basic balance， low-income groups should have their earnings tripled， middle-income groups doubled while high-income groups maintain a growth rate of 0.5 percent. In this way， the poor can benefit most from the income growth plan. The stress here lies not on“average salary growth” for each individual， but the improvement of distribution and the nar- rowing of the income gap.
Wu Zhiming （CPPCC member）： In pushing forward the plan for income doubling， statistics of low， middle and high-income groups should be calculated separately. This would enable the government to make better decisions. The lowincome group is in desperate need of better.
If China’s national economy operates normally， doubling incomes is attainable， despite persistent difficulties. During the past three decades， as income growth fell behind GDP development， a huge gap opened between the rich and poor. How to deal with this will be the biggest obstacle in the country’s plans to boost earnings by 2020.
Theater Ticket Prices
Wu Bixia （NPC deputy， professor at Chinese Conservatory of Music）： The average price of theater tickets in China is among the most expensive in the world， currently averaging 450 yuan （$72.36） against lowincomes of merely 2，000 yuan （$321.6） a month. In contrast， attending theaters in the United States will set you back $45， with low income at $3，000. Expensive tickets mean dwindling audiences and a declining interest in the performing arts. In such a climate both theaters and troupes stand to lose the foundation for growth. Prices need to be dropped to realize sustainable development within the local entertainment industry.
Wei Song （President of Shanghai Opera House）： Theater ticket prices are too high. This is mainly due to an under-developed local market. For instance， when Shanghai Opera House produced the classic Carmen in collaboration with Hong Kong Opera House last year， box office sales reached 1.2 million yuan （$193） during the first four shows. But renting the theater cost 800，000 yuan （$129）. Such figures make you weary when planning a stage performance. After all， the result could be no profits.
Though most theaters are built with public taxes， people have yet to see any plausible return. Soaring costs have added to the rise in ticket prices.
Wang Wenping （General Manager of Qintai Theater in Wuhan， Hubei Province）： Some argue that high theater rents cause rising prices. But theaters have their own difficulties. Even if troupes have their own facilities， the situation is unlikely to change. With a drama such as Teahouse， performer salaries， combined with various other relevant expenses， can reach 2 million yuan（$322）. If the theater sells 1，500 tickets for every show， prices must be fixed at 600 yuan（$96） to make the effort worth while.
Thus， decreasing rent won’t solve the problem. In foreign countries， theaters depend on government subsidies and donations from financial or charitable organizations. While also reducing costs， ticket prices remain low. I believe the government should do more to support the performing arts.
Yang Guoping （Art Director of Shanghai Media and Entertainment Group）： European theaters derive income directly from government subsidies. Such financial allocation initiatives account for 54 percent of the annual earnings at Opernhause Zuerich in Switzerland. Opéra de Paris obtains more than 200 million euros （$261 million） from the Culture Ministry of France every year. In countries such as Japan and South Korea， governments impose restrictions on theater ticket prices via similar subsidies.
The Central Government should urge enterprises and organizations to sponsor public entertainment. From 2009 to 2012， our company spent 1 million yuan （$161） every year in support of Shanghai New Year Concert. In many developed countries， donating toward public events can be rewarded with tax reductions. If the Shanghai Municipal Government could issue such a favorable policy， more enterprises would be willing to back cultural pursuits.