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葛万菌(Girvanella)是由一个相互串联着的细胞列和外部包绕的多糖质黏性胶鞘组成的蓝细菌化石,是豫西寒武系微生物岩中最常见的钙化微生物。葛万菌丝状体在不同的微生物岩中具有不同的排列方式。潮间带环境中的叠层石其葛万菌主要发育在暗色纹层中,丝状体呈规则的水平状分布。在低能的鲕粒滩滩间或滩后洼地环境中形成的核形石形态及圈层结构均不规则,葛万菌丝状体在其核心和暗色纹层中整体表现为不规则的密集缠绕状;高能鲕粒滩环境中的核形石形态浑圆,圈层结构规则,葛万菌丝状体在核形石暗色纹层中多沿切线方向分布。凝块石形成于台地鲕粒滩滩间局限海环境中,葛万菌丝状体相互交织成不规则团块状发育在凝块中。巨鲕形成于台地鲕粒滩滩间海环境,葛万菌丝状体在内圈层呈密集缠绕状分布,在外圈层则沿切线方向展布。虽然葛万菌群的排列方式在不同微生物岩中有所不同,但是单个葛万菌丝状体的特征相似。在偏光显微镜下,葛万菌丝状体呈略弯曲的无分枝、不分节、细长管状,相互缠绕叠覆;单管由深灰色的管壁(胶鞘)和中间明亮的管芯(细胞列)组成。在电子显微镜下,葛万菌的管壁由直径1—2μm沿径向放射排列的粒状或短柱状方解石组成,为葛万菌光合作用诱导产生的生物矿物;管芯直径10—20μm,长度50—200μm不等,由圆柱状方解石组成,为成岩期重结晶所致。根据葛万菌的显微结构,结合现代管状蓝细菌的特征,葛万菌由短杆状细胞而非球状细胞组成,其结构应为由短杆状细胞组成的细胞列、细胞壁和细胞外的胶鞘(EPS)。
Girvanella is a cyanobacteria fossil composed of a series of cell lines and polysaccharide gluey coats that are surrounded by outer layers. It is the most common calcification microorganism in Cambrian microbial rocks in western Henan. Kawakami-ku filaments have different arrangements in different microbial rocks. The interstratified strata in the intertidal zone are mainly developed in the dark color layer, and the filamentous bodies distribute regularly in a horizontal pattern. The morphologies and ring structures of the nuclei formed in the low-energy oolitic beach or in the tan-kuang depression are irregular. The K. kawakamii filaments are characterized by an irregular, densely wound shape in their core and dark-colored layers In the high-energy oolitic beach environment, the shape of nuclei is round and the rules of the stratosphere are regular. The kudzu fungi filaments distribute along tangential direction in the dark-colored nuclei. The clotstone is formed in the confined sea environment between the oolitic beach of the platform. The K. kawachii filaments interweave into irregular clumps and develop in the clot. Giant oolitic was formed in the oolitic beach between the platform and sea environment, Kawakamii filaments in the inner layer of dense winding-like distribution in the outer layer along the tangential distribution. Although the order of the GE population is different among different microbial rocks, the characteristics of individual K. megaterium filaments are similar. Under a polarizing microscope, K. sinensis filaments showed a slightly curved, unbranched, non-sectioned, elongate tubular shape, overlapping with each other; a single tube consisting of a dark gray tube wall (glue sheath) and a middle bright core (Cell line) composition. Under the electron microscope, the wall of Pueraria lobata is composed of granular or short columnar calcite radially arranged in the diameter of 1-2μm, which is the bio-mineral induced by photosynthesis of Pueraria lobata. The diameter of the core is 10-20μm and the length is 50 -200μm range, composed of cylindrical calcite, due to diagenetic recrystallization. According to the microstructure of Pueraria lobata, combined with the characteristics of modern tubular cyanobacteria, Pueraria is composed of short rod-shaped cells rather than globular cells, the structure of which should be a cell column composed of short rod-shaped cells, cell walls and extracellular Sheath (EPS).