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2005—2008年在内蒙古清水河县进行了定位试验,研究了不同耕作方式下土壤微生物量及土壤营养指标、作物产量的年际变化。结果表明:免耕有利于提高土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量,2007和2008年不同耕作方式0～10cm土层土壤微生物量均表现为免耕留高茬覆盖>免耕留低茬覆盖>免耕留高茬>免耕留低茬>传统耕作;免耕有利于提高土壤有机质和土壤养分含量,2007和2008年不同耕作方式0～10cm土层土壤有机质和养分含量均表现为免耕留高茬覆盖>免耕留低茬覆盖>免耕留高茬>免耕留低茬>传统耕作,实施免耕的前3年,玉米产量不稳定,甚至造成玉米减产,第4年免耕增产效应有所显现;不同保护性方式下土壤指标与玉米产量之间的相关度较好,通径分析得知土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷及微生物量碳对玉米产量起直接作用,其中尤以土壤微生物量碳的作用最大;免耕有利于改善内蒙古农田旱作区的土壤生态环境,提高土壤肥力。
In 2005-2008, a pilot experiment was carried out in Qingshuihe County of Inner Mongolia to study interannual variability of soil microbial biomass, soil nutrition and crop yield under different tillage systems. The results showed that no-tillage was beneficial to increase the content of soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. In 2007 and 2008, the soil microbial biomass in 0-10 cm soil layer showed no tillage and high stubble cover> no tillage and low stubble cover> No-tillage and high stubble> no-tillage and low stubble> traditional tillage; no-tillage is conducive to increasing soil organic matter and soil nutrient content. Soil organic matter and nutrient content in 0 ~ 10cm soil layer in different tillage methods in 2007 and 2008 showed no-tillage High-stubble coverage> No-tillage and low-stubble cover> No-tillage and high stubble> No-tillage and low-stubble> Conventional tillage, corn yield was unstable in the first 3 years of no-tillage and even reduced corn yield. The correlation between soil index and corn yield was better under different protective ways. Through the path analysis, it was found that soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and microbial biomass carbon had a direct effect on the yield of maize. Soil microbial biomass carbon was the most important role. No-tillage was helpful to improve the soil ecological environment of farmland dryland in Inner Mongolia, and improve soil fertility.