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1 前言 波浪在大洋深水中传播,能量损失主要来自水质点运动内部的粘性阻尼。波浪进入浅水区后,除了破碎,海床对波浪水流的摩阻力引起的能量损失较为显著,必须加以考虑。许多学者对于波浪水流的底部摩阻应力进行了大量的试验研究工作,结合现场的波浪观测,给出了多种成果。由于波浪的底部水流方向、大小的非恒定性且天然海床差别很大,如何准确模拟底部摩擦的影响,成为波浪模型试验的一个重要方面。国内外学者提出了关于底部摩擦的比尺修正方法,但其精度仍依赖于原型的结果。文中结合国家“九五”攻关课题《深水航道对波浪传播影响规律研究》的部分成果,对几种理论进行对比,并对模型试验提出自己的看法。
1 Introduction Wave propagation in deep ocean waters, energy loss mainly comes from the viscous damping inside water particle motion. After the wave enters the shallow water area, besides the crushing, the energy loss caused by the friction of the sea floor on the wave water flow is more significant and must be considered. Many scholars have carried out a large number of experimental studies on the frictional stress at the bottom of wavy currents. Combined with the on-site observation of waves, many achievements have been made. Due to the direction of flow at the bottom of the wave, the unsteady size and the large difference between the natural seabed, how to accurately simulate the influence of the bottom friction has become an important aspect of the wave model test. Scholars at home and abroad put forward a method of scaling correction of bottom friction, but its accuracy still depends on the result of the prototype. In this paper, according to some achievements of “9th Five-Year Plan” project “research on the influence of deepwater channel on wave propagation”, this paper compares several theories and puts forward my own opinion on model test.