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自来水、煤气、天然气等输送管道以及航空、铁路和公路等交通网络系统、基础电信网，以往被视为典型的“自然垄断”产业，传统上都是由政府所有、独家经营或是在政府管制条件下由私营厂商独家垄断经营的， 并且往往是和网络两端的生产环节和消费环节实行纵向一体化策略。然而随着技术的进步，经济理论和各国的实践都对原来的管制模式提出了挑战。如何在这样的网络产业内引入竞争机制，成为各国政府和理论界共同关心的问题。其中，消除网络产业的进入壁垒、引入“第二网”是类似网络产业竞争政策中的重要环节。本文将以电力网络和基础电信网络为例，对这两种网络在打破进入壁垒、引入竞争机制的不同模式加以比较，总结网络供应系统竞争政策的若干经验。
Transportation pipelines such as tap water, gas and natural gas, as well as transportation network systems such as airlines, railways and highways, and basic telecom networks, which were traditionally regarded as “natural monopoly” industries, have traditionally been government owned, operated exclusively or under government control Under the conditions of monopoly by the private sector monopoly operators, and often at both ends of the network production and consumption aspects of the implementation of vertical integration strategy. However, with the advancement of technology, economic theory and the practice of all countries have challenged the original regulatory model. How to introduce a competition mechanism in such a network industry has become a common concern of all the governments and theorists in various countries. Among them, the elimination of barriers to entry of the network industry, the introduction of “second network” is similar to the network industry competition policy an important part. This paper will take the power network and the basic telecom network as examples to compare the different modes of the two networks in breaking barriers to entry and introducing competition mechanisms and summarizing some experiences in the competition policy of the network supply system.