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检疫措施于十四世纪在意大利首先实施,当时欧州的鼠疫大流行,这是防御鼠疫传播漫延所采取的一种行政措施。其做法是命令所有从鼠疫流行区域回归的船舶靠岸前在港外锚地停留四十天,从而达到保护本国人民避免因鼠疫传播所造成的大流行的目的。尔后各国相继仿效采取了检疫措施。因当时尚无细菌学检验技术,所以不能及时确诊和早期诊断治疗並实施行之有效的予防措施。当时能引起传播的最凶险流行病是鼠疫、天花、霍乱、斑疹伤寒。1883年细菌学检验技术的先导德国医生科赫(Roberr Koch)于埃及首先发现了霍乱弧菌,从而促进了细菌学检验技术走向了黄金时代。1894年法国科学家巴斯德的学生耶尔森(Yersin)和日本细菌学家北里柴三郎(Kitasata)几乎同时,但各自独立地发现了鼠疫杆菌。
Quarantine measures were first implemented in Italy in the fourteenth century when the plague was the pandemic in Europe. This is an administrative measure taken to prevent the spread of plague. The approach is to order all ships returning from plague-ridden areas to stay anchored outside the port for forty days before landing so as to achieve the goal of protecting their own people from the pandemic caused by the spread of the plague. Later countries successively followed the example of quarantine measures. Because there is no bacteriological test technology, it can not be timely diagnosis and early diagnosis and treatment and implementation of effective preventive measures. The most dangerous epidemic that caused the spread at the time was plague, smallpox, cholera and typhus. The first German bacteriology test in 1883, the German doctor Roberr Koch, first discovered Vibrio cholerae in Egypt, thus promoting the bacteriology test technology to a golden age. Yersin, a French student Pasteur, and Kitasata, a Japanese bacteriologist, discovered Yersinia pestis almost simultaneously, but independently, in 1894.