世界都市化的起源和发展

• 作 者: 金斯利·戴维斯 李岩
• 出 处: 都市文化研究
• 发表日期: 2007年01期
• 关键词: 农村人口 工业国家 不发达地区 在城市里 大都市区 人口生产 世界人口 地区经济 古代世界 大城市发展

尽管有几个城市早在公元前4000年就产生了,但古代世界的城市通常是小型的,而且不得不依靠更大批的农村人口来维持生存。“都市化社会”仅仅在19和20世纪才得到发展,在这种社会中,高比率的人口居住在城市里。都市化的进程自从1800年开始就在整个世界迅速发展开来,但高峰期还未出现。较古老工业国家都市化比率的减少正得到不发达地区都市化比率增加的弥补。

Although several cities arose as early as 4,000 BCE, cities in the ancient world were usually small and had to survive on larger numbers of rural people. Urbanization was only developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, where a high proportion of the population lived in cities. The process of urbanization has rapidly developed throughout the world since 1800, but the peak has not yet emerged. The reduction in the urbanization rate in the older industrialized countries is being offset by the increase in the urbanization rate in underdeveloped areas.