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问答题是高考历史试题的传统题型。该题型主要考查考生的理论水平、文字表达水平以及掌握历史知识的牢固程度;考查学生运用知识的能力、运用基本观点的能力、自成独立见解的能力。任何一道题义完整、表达无误、设问准确的问答题,都有四项基本的构题成分,即提示项(框定解答的方式)、限定项(限定解答的时间、空间、史实、观点、材料引语等)、中心项(规定解答所依据的对象和内容)、求答项(指定解答“未知”的项目)。通过对问答题提示项进行综合概括,可以得出该题型主要包括四类:比较分析题、论证题、评述题、综合题。下面就中国古代史的几个问答题进行解析。
The quiz question is the traditional question type of the college entrance examination history question. This type of question mainly examines the candidate’s theoretical level, the level of written expression, and the firmness of grasping historical knowledge; examines students’ ability to use knowledge, the ability to use basic viewpoints, and the ability to form independent opinions. Any question and answer question that is complete, correct, and accurate is four basic compositional elements, namely prompt (framed solution) and qualified (limited time, space, historical facts, viewpoints, etc.) Material quotations, etc.), center items (objects and contents on which prescriptions are to be answered), and items to be answered (specified items for answer “unknown”). Through comprehensive summary of the quiz prompt items, it can be concluded that the question types mainly include four categories: comparative analysis questions, argument questions, review questions, and comprehensive questions. The following analysis on several questions in ancient Chinese history.