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为明确氮肥施用量对春茶优良品种‘乌牛早’(Camellia sinensis‘Wuniuzao’)春季光合等生理特性和内源激素的动态变化的影响,试验设计土壤施氮量为N1(0.4 g/盆)、N2(0.8 g/盆)、N3(1.6 g/盆)和N4(2.4 g/盆),并利用多重比较分析了施氮后各处理随时间变化的情况。结果表明:1施氮处理后‘乌牛早’叶片的光合能力增强,其中叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率(Pr)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)显著增加,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)显著降低,且以N3处理最好,以上各指标分别较对照增加24.36%、26.06%、32.29%和24.49%,Ci较对照降低7.35%。2施氮处理后‘乌牛早’叶片的抗衰老能力增强,以N3处理最强,SOD活性和MDA含量分别是CK的1.14倍和0.75倍。3施氮处理后‘乌牛早’嫩芽中生长素、赤霉素和玉米素含量增加,脱落酸含量降低,以N3处理为最优,各指标分别较CK增加了43.22%、69.08%和54.91%,脱落酸含量较对照降低12.04%。试验表明,春季施氮量为1.6 g/盆时,‘乌牛早’叶片存在较高的光合、抗衰老特性及内源激素含量,说明在春茶生长季增施一定的氮肥能增加茶叶片光合能力延缓叶片的衰老。
In order to clarify the effects of nitrogen application on physiological characteristics of photosynthesis and dynamic changes of endogenous hormones in Spring, a good spring hybrid variety ’Camellia sinensis’Wuniuzao’, the soil N application rate was designed to be N1 (0.4 g / pot ), N2 (0.8 g / pot), N3 (1.6 g / pot) and N4 (2.4 g / pot) respectively. The changes of the treatments with time were analyzed by multiple comparisons. The results showed that: (1) The photosynthetic capacity of ’Wuniuzao’ leaves increased after nitrogen application, in which the chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pr), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) decreased significantly, and the N3 treatment was the best. The above indexes were increased by 24.36%, 26.06%, 32.29% and 24.49% respectively compared with the control. Ci was 7.35% lower than the control. After treatment with nitrogen, the anti-aging ability of ’Wuniuzao’ leaves was enhanced, and N3 was the strongest. The SOD activity and MDA content were 1.14 times and 0.75 times of CK respectively. The content of auxin, gibberellin and zeatin in buds of ’Wuniuzaocan’ increased after treatment with nitrogen, the content of abscisic acid decreased, and N3 treatment was the best, the indexes were increased by 43.22%, 69.08% and 54.91%, abscisic acid content decreased 12.04% compared with the control. The results showed that there was higher photosynthetic, anti-aging characteristics and endogenous hormones content in ’Wuniuzao’ leaves in spring when the nitrogen application rate was 1.6 g / pot, indicating that adding some nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season of spring tea could increase the tea leaves Photosynthetic ability to delay leaf senescence.