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为研究航天搭载对油葵的诱变效应,利用“神舟八号”飞船搭载油葵种子,返回地面后进行种植,并观测种子出苗状况和SP_1、SP_2、SP_3代植株生长特性及结实种子百粒质量的变化。结果表明:航天搭载对油葵种子的发芽状况没有明显影响;通过航天搭载可增加油葵变异幅度,扩大选择范围;诱变效应在航天搭载当代即有所体现,SP_2代变异表现较为明显且出现新的变异,至SP_3代多数变异性状能够保持;经过航天搭载可获得株高变化、叶片大小变化、叶片叶绿素含量变化、花盘变大、花期延长、提早开花、种子百粒质量显著增高等特征的变异。由此可以看出,航天搭载的油葵对已转化的外源基因至少能够保持至SP_3代,经过航天搭载获得的油葵观赏性状的变异也成为观赏向日葵研究不可或缺的宝贵资源。
In order to study the mutagenic effects of space shuttle on sunflower, the seeds of sunflower were loaded on the “Shenzhou No.8” spacecraft and returned to the ground before planting. The seedling emergence and the growth characteristics of SP_1, SP_2, One hundred quality changes. The results showed that space flight had no significant effect on the germination status of oil sunflower seedlings; the space variation of sunflower seed oil could be increased by space flight, and the range of selection was expanded; the mutagenic effect was manifested in the contemporary space flight; The new variation can maintain most of the variation traits until generation SP_3. After space flight, the characteristics of plant height, leaf size, leaf chlorophyll content, disk growth, flowering prolongation, premature flowering and seed quality significantly increased variation. It can be seen that astronautic sunflower can maintain at least the transformed exogenous gene to SP_3 generation, and the variation of ornamental traits of sunflower obtained by space flight has also become an indispensable valuable resource for observing sunflower.