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药物引起的呼吸系统疾病包括通气功能的中枢性抑制、支气管哮喘、肺部炎性病变和肺血管改变。药物引起的最重要的呼吸道并发症是由延髓中枢抑制所引起的通气功能减退和咳嗽反射消失。对严重呼吸道阻塞和高碳酸血症患者,即使是小剂量的巴比妥酸盐或其他麻醉药亦可引起严重后果。对这种患者给氧浓度超过30％,亦可因消除低氧血症的刺激而抑制通气功能。支气管哮喘可能是支气管收缩剂的一种特殊药理作用,如在用乙型受体阻滞剂(例如心得安)治疗心绞痛时可发生此症。
Drug-induced respiratory diseases include central suppression of ventilatory function, bronchial asthma, pulmonary inflammatory lesions, and pulmonary vascular changes. The most important respiratory complications caused by the drug are the loss of hypogonadism and cough reflex caused by inhibition of the medulla oblongata. In patients with severe airway obstruction and hypercapnia, even small doses of barbiturates or other anesthetics can have serious consequences. Oxygen concentration of more than 30% of patients, but also because of the elimination of hypoxemia stimulation and inhibition of ventilation function. Bronchial asthma may be a specific pharmacological agent for bronchoconstrictors, which can occur when treating angina with beta blockers (eg, propranolol).