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NCI的天然药物发展程序自1956年开始对植物、动物和微生物发酵的粗提液以及从这些来源获取的结晶物质进行评价(表1)。近年来为了提高筛选有效率,在发展程序中引进两项改进:(1)对体内抗肿瘤活性,更有效地使用体外预筛;(2)评价独特的微生物类型(表2)。NCI评价抗瘤谱,包括6种小鼠癌瘤以及异种移植于无胸腺裸鼠的人体肿瘤(表3)。根据非癌症的生物活性或某一化合物在特定器官浓集的数据,再进行特殊试验(如在肾浓集,可进行肾癌试验)。
The NCI’s Natural Drug Development Program has evaluated crude extracts from plant, animal and microbial fermentation and crystalline material obtained from these sources since 1956 (Table 1). In recent years, two improvements have been introduced into the development program in order to increase the screening efficiency: (1) more effective use of in vitro pre-screening for antitumor activity in vivo; and (2) evaluation of unique microbial types (Table 2). NCI evaluated anti-tumor profiles including 6 mouse carcinomas and human tumors xenografted into athymic nude mice (Table 3). According to the biological activity of non-cancer or the concentration of a certain compound in a particular organ, special tests (such as kidney-cancer test) may be conducted.