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杰出的俄罗斯马克思主义者格奥尔基·普列汉诺夫(1856——1918)十九岁在矿业学院读书时,就开始从事革命工作。当时他加入知识分子所组织的一个革命民粹派的团体,这个团体的目的是在推翻专制政体,建立以俄罗斯农民公社为基础的社会主义。民粹派不了解社会经济发展的规律;他们相信资本主义在俄国是一种偶然的现象;他们把一切希望寄托在农民阶级身上,虽则农民阶级代表最落后的经济形式。警察的迫害使普列汉诺夫不得不离开俄国,逃亡国外。在国外,他开始认识到马克思主义,过了
Georgy Plekhanov, the distinguished Russian Marxist (1856-1918), started his revolutionary career at the age of nineteen at the Mining Institute. At that time, he joined a group of revolutionary Narodniks organized by the intelligentsia, whose purpose was to overthrow the autocracy and establish socialism based on the Russian peasant commune. The Narodniks did not understand the law of social and economic development; they believed that capitalism was an accidental phenomenon in Russia; they pin their hopes on the peasant class, though the peasantry represented the most backward form of economy. The persecution by police forced Plekhanov to leave Russia and flee abroad. Abroad, he began to realize that Marxism had passed