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目的：观察阿尔茨海默症（AD）患者、轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者和正常老年人间白质纤维束差异及FA值分布与认知量表评分的关系，以研究认知障碍与全脑纤维束损害的关系并探讨其病理机制。方法：对25例AD患者（ AD组）、29例MCI患者（ MCI组）和34例正常对照老年人（ NC组）使用Achieva 3．0 T TX磁共振进行磁共振弥散张量成像（DTI）扫描，采用FSL软件对3组被试者进行基于纤维束空间统计（TBSS）分析和与量表评分的相关性分析。结果：与NC组比较，MCI组和AD组纤维束FA值均有降低，其中AD组FA值降低区域更广泛；研究发现了被试者FA值与MMSE评分及MoCA评分呈正相关的区域。结论：AD患者和MCI患者脑内多发白质纤维束损害，FA值改变可能反映认知障碍严重程度，FA值差异对AD的早期诊断具有价值。“,”Objective:To observe the differences of white matter( WM) fiber tracts among healthy elders( NC) , patients with Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) and patients with mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) and the correlation between distribution of FA values and cognitive scale scores, and in order to investigate the its pathogenesis and the relationship between WM fiber tract damage and cognitive impairment.Methods:Twenty-five patients with AD, 29 patients with MCI and 30 normal aging volunteers were scanned with DTI using Achieva 3.0 T TX MR System.FSL software was used to conduct the analysis of tract-based spatial statistics ( TBSS ) and correlation analysis on FA values and scale scores.Results:Compared with the NC, the decrease of FA values was found in both MCI andAD subjects, the region of which in AD was more extensive.The regions that the FA values have positive correlation with MMSE and MoCA scores were found in this study.Conclusion: Multiple WM fiber tracts are damaged in AD and MCI subjects.The change of FA values, which can reflect the severity of cognitive function damage, is helpful for earlier diagnosis of AD.