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本文叙述了雷达的数字多波束形成技术。对排列在三角形栅格图上的天线阵元导出了一个有效的数字波束形成算法。先将元分解成两个交叠的矩形栅格,可以实现三角形栅格的多波束相控扫描。然后,将相应的波束在一个类似于快速傅立叶变换(FFT)中蝶形运算的相位合成网络中合成。举例推导了栅瓣,并将它与离散傅立叶变换(DFT)相联系,还阐述了对有限角度范围可能达到的硬件功效。比较了几种数字波束形成变换。最后,介绍了一种混合波束形成器。其中一维为脉冲内模拟扫描(SWAP)波束形成,另一维为数字波束形成。
This article describes the radar digital multi-beamforming technology. An efficient digital beamforming algorithm is derived for antenna elements arrayed on a triangular grid. First decompose the element into two overlapping rectangular grids to achieve multi-beam phased scanning of the triangular grid. The corresponding beam is then synthesized in a phase synthesis network similar to the butterfly operation in Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The grating lobes are derived by way of example and linked to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the possible hardware effects for a limited angular range. Several types of digital beamforming transformation are compared. Finally, a hybrid beamformer is introduced. One of them is pulse-in-analog (SWAP) beamforming and the other is digital beamforming.