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文学文本论是指研究文学作品本体存在的理论,属于文学本体论的范畴。所谓本体论,在哲学上是指研究“存在”的学问,它有两种含义:一种是研究某一个别事物的存在本身;另一种是研究某一事物为什么存在,即它存在的原因、根据、理由。文学本体论同样可以作这样的区分。对于文学为什么存在即存在的原因和根据,笔者已著文作了探讨,这里我们要探讨的是关于文学作品的存在方式,即通常所谓“文本”。在文论史上,曾有过两种影响较大的文本论,一种是传统的内容与形式统一的文本论,另一种是西方现代形式主义文本论。这两种文本论可以说都各有其缺陷和局限,对此我们不妨作些分析,然后再谈谈笔者的思考。
Literary textual theory refers to the theory of studying the ontology of literary works and belongs to the category of literary ontology. The so-called ontology, philosophically refers to the study of “existence” of the learning, it has two meanings: one is to study the existence of an individual thing itself; the other is to study why a thing exists, that is, its existence According to the reasons. Literary ontology can make the same distinction. The reason and reason for the existence of the existence of literature, the author has been discussed in the article, here we want to explore is the existence of literary works, which is usually the so-called “text.” In the history of literary theory, there have been two influential texts, one is the traditional content and form of a unified text theory, and the other is the modern western texts of formalism. Both of these textual theories can each have their own flaws and limitations. For this reason, we may make some analysis and then talk about the author’s thinking.