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流域水循环过程是水资源合理配置对象依存和演化的基础。针对内陆河流域水资源多次转化多次利用的特点,建立以水资源转化过程为基础的流域水资源优化配置模型。按水力联系将内陆河流域系统分为独立的子系统。按水资源转化特点和用水格局将各独立水系统分渠灌区、井灌区和渠井混灌区三个一级计算单元,每个一级计算单元由若干灌区(二级计算单元)组成。运用水均衡模型和BP人工神经网络模型模拟一级计算单元间的水资源转化过程,分别模拟井灌区和渠井混灌区的来水量。建立一级计算单元和二级计算单元两层水资源优化模型,分别以灌溉用水效益最大和公平用水为配置目标。将一级计算单元的优化模型耦合到水资源转化模拟模型中。凉州区配置水量10.68×108 m3,金川区为2.63×108 m3,流域农业灌溉用水16.64×108 m3,占总毛用水量的75%,相比现状有大幅下降。分别采用模拟寻优和遗传算法求解两层优化模型,将水量分配到灌区,进而分配到行政区,实现水资源的流域配置和行政区配置的统一,便于水资源统一管理。
The process of water cycle in a river basin is the basis for the dependency and evolution of water resources on a reasonable basis. In view of the characteristics of multiple utilization of water resources in inland river basins, an optimal allocation model of water resources in the basin based on water resources conversion process is established. The inland river basin system is divided into independent subsystems by hydraulic connection. According to the characteristics of water resources conversion and water use, three independent first-level calculation units of diversion irrigation area, well irrigation area and well irrigation canal irrigated area are set up. Each first-level calculation unit consists of several irrigation areas (second-level calculation units). Water balance model and BP artificial neural network model were used to simulate the water resources conversion process between the first-level calculation units and simulate the water inflow in the well irrigation district and the drainage well irrigation area respectively. The two-level water resources optimization model of the first-level calculation unit and the second-level calculation unit is established, and the water-saving irrigation water efficiency and fair water consumption are the targets. The first-level computational unit optimization model is coupled to the water resource conversion simulation model. 10.68 × 108 m3 of water was allocated to Liangzhou District, 2.63 × 108 m3 of Jinchuan District, and 16.64 × 108 m3 of water for agricultural irrigation in the basin, accounting for 75% of the total water consumption of Mao, which dropped significantly compared with the status quo. The two-layer optimization model is solved by using simulation optimization and genetic algorithm respectively. The water is distributed to the irrigation area and then to the administrative area, which realizes the unification of basin allocation and administrative area allocation of water resources and facilitates the unified management of water resources.