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本世纪二十年代到七十年代初的50年间,墨西哥的生育率一直保持在很高的水平,这一方面是经济发展、社会安定的结果,同时也是人口政策的结果。上个世纪流行着一种很普遍的思想,认为必须增加国土上的居民,才能捍卫国家主权。这一思想一直影响着本世纪前70年各届政府的人口政策。1936年,卡德纳斯政府在进行深刻的政治、经济、社会、体制改革的同时,颁布了墨西哥第一部《总人口法》。这部法的宗旨是为捍卫国家主权必须增加人口,基本战略是通过增加出生率使人口自然增长,同时鼓励流亡国外的墨西哥人重返祖国,鼓励移民,1947年颁布的《总人口法》与第一部没有根本性的区别。从1940年到1970年,墨西哥发生了巨大的变化,不再是以农业为主的社会,而变成城市社会。医疗卫生方面的科技进步提高了居民的健康水平,使发病率和死亡率下降,初生预期寿命增加。加之生育率一直保持在很高的水平,加速了人口增长。到七十年代初,全国人口达到5,000万。在这一背景下,政府认识到必须根据发展的新目标,重新制定人口政策。由于死亡率大幅度下降,已达到稳定的低水平,生育率成为主要变量,
In the 50 years from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the fertility rate in Mexico has remained at a very high level. This is the result of economic development and social stability, as well as the result of population policies. The prevailing thought prevailed in the last century was the belief that residents on the territory must be increased in order to defend their national sovereignty. This idea has been influencing the population policies of all the governments in the first 70 years of this century. In 1936, the Cardenas government promulgated Mexico’s first “general population law” while carrying out profound political, economic, social and institutional reforms. The purpose of this law is to increase the population for the defense of state sovereignty. The basic strategy is to increase the population naturally by increasing the birth rate. At the same time, Mexicans in exile are encouraged to return to their motherland and immigrants are encouraged. The General Population Law promulgated in 1947, There is no fundamental difference. From 1940 to 1970, great changes took place in Mexico. It was no longer an agriculture-based society, but an urban society. Scientific and technological advances in health care have raised the residents’ health level, reduced morbidity and mortality, and increased life expectancy at birth. Coupled with the high fertility rate has been maintained at a high level, accelerated population growth. By the early 1970s, the population of China had reached 50 million. Against this backdrop, the government recognizes the need to reformulate population policies based on the new goals of development. Since the mortality rate dropped sharply and reached a stable low level, fertility rate has become the main variable,