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目的了解北京市东城区(南)中小学生饮食行为及营养素摄人现状,为制定相关改善策略和营养干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取小学、初中、高中、职高学校各1所,对439名学生进行了问卷调查。结果在校期间,59.45%的学生每日均吃早餐,且42.96%的均能吃饱。午餐方式前3位的是:学校食堂,占54.44%;校外送餐,占33.94%;回家就餐,占4.1%。午餐能吃饱的学生占28.02%,吃不饱的主要原因:做得不好吃,占51.58%;不喜欢吃占25.63%;不够吃占17.09%。晚餐方式前3位是:回家就餐的占54.21%,学校食堂占36.45%,家里带饭占4.78%。64.92%的学生晚餐能吃饱,45.1%的偶尔剩饭,40.32%的从不剩饭。只有1.82%的学生平均每日肉类、蛋类、奶制品、豆制品、新鲜蔬菜和新鲜水果的摄入量均能达到《中国居民膳食指南》的推荐量。结论东城区(南)中小学生膳食营养结构极不平衡,应加强学校食堂、送餐公司和家庭的平衡膳食知识的健康教育。
Objective To understand the dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of primary and secondary school students in Dongcheng District (South), Beijing, and to provide evidences for improving related strategies and nutritional interventions. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 primary school, middle school, high school and vocational high school, and 439 students were surveyed. Results During the period of school, 59.45% of students eat breakfast daily, and 42.96% can eat full. The first three ways of lunch: school canteen, accounting for 54.44%; delivery outside the school, accounting for 33.94%; go home dining, accounting for 4.1%. Lunch can eat students accounted for 28.02%, the main reason to eat enough: do not eat, accounting for 51.58%; do not like to eat 25.63%; not enough to eat 17.09%. The first three dinner options are: home dining accounted for 54.21%, 36.45% canteen school, home with rice accounted for 4.78%. 64.92% of students can eat dinner, 45.1% of occasional leftovers, 40.32% never leftovers. Only 1.82% of students reported daily intake of meat, eggs, dairy products, soy products, fresh vegetables and fresh fruits as recommended by the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. Conclusion The dietary nutrition structure of primary and secondary school students in Dongcheng District (South) is extremely unbalanced. Health education should be strengthened for balanced meal knowledge of school canteens, meal delivery companies and families.