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采用不同焊材和工艺参数对3 mm厚SS400钢板进行手工电弧焊,并对接头显微组织进行了观察和分析。结果表明,焊材对焊缝组织影响较大,对热影响区组织影响较小。当选用J422酸性焊条时,焊缝组织为块状铁素体+针状铁素体+少量珠光体。选用J506碱性焊条时,焊缝组织为大量针状铁素体+少量珠光体。焊接热输入对焊缝组织影响较小,对焊接热影响区组织影响较大。当热输入由3.6 kJ/cm增大到15.6 kJ/cm时,热影响区组织晶粒也逐步变大,魏氏组织不断增加,索氏体和粒状贝氏体不断减少。在实际生产中,考虑焊接效率和焊接质量时,采用J506碱性焊条和热输入为10.5 kJ/cm为最优焊接工艺。
Using different welding consumables and process parameters, the 3 mm thick SS400 steel was subjected to manual arc welding, and the microstructure of the joint was observed and analyzed. The results show that the welding consumables have a great influence on the weld microstructure and have little influence on the microstructure of the heat affected zone. When using J422 acidic welding rod, the weld structure is massive ferrite + acicular ferrite + a small amount of pearlite. Selection of J506 alkaline welding rod, the weld is a large number of acicular ferrite + a small amount of pearlite. Weld heat input has little effect on the weld microstructure, and has a greater impact on the weld HAZ. As the heat input increases from 3.6 kJ / cm to 15.6 kJ / cm, the microstructure of the grains in the HAZ gradually becomes larger, the Westend tissue increases and the sorbite and granular bainite decrease. In actual production, consider the welding efficiency and welding quality, the use of J506 alkaline electrode and heat input of 10.5 kJ / cm for the optimal welding process.