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目的分析2005年乌鲁木齐市局部区域发生流行性脑脊髓炎(流脑)情况,评价采取的措施及控制效果。方法收集乌鲁木齐市近年流脑疫情资料,并采用现场调查法抽查近3年目标人群疫苗接种及对相关信息认知情况;根据疫情状况及流脑病原鉴定,采用相应的应对措施。结果2005年1～7月乌鲁木齐市报告流脑病例76例,其中实验室确诊病例3例。病例以3～4月为多,主要在乌鲁木齐市天山区,73.68%来自流动人口,72.36%在15岁以下,近2～3年没有明确流脑疫苗接种史。所调查流动人群对流脑认知水平低,98%近3年未接种过流脑疫苗。2003年乌鲁木齐市15岁以下在校中小学生接种过A+C流脑疫苗。优势菌株为A群脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Nm)。结论由于流动人口疏于管理,目标人群对流脑认知水平、自我保护意识和能力低下,流脑疫苗接种率极低,易感人群累积所致流脑流行。为此,对目标人群流脑疫苗采取了应急接种和预防性服药等措施控制了疫情扩散。
Objective To analyze the epidemic encephalomyelitis (meningitis) in some areas of Urumqi in 2005, and to evaluate the measures taken and the control effects. Methods The data of epidemic encephalitis in Urumqi City in recent years were collected. The vaccination of the target population in the recent 3 years and the cognition of relevant information were conducted by spot investigation. Corresponding countermeasures were taken according to the epidemic situation and identification of meningitis pathogens. Results From January to July 2005, Urumqi reported 76 cases of meningitis cases, of which 3 cases were laboratory confirmed. Cases in March to April as much, mainly in Tianshan District, Urumqi, 73.68% from the floating population, 72.36% under the age of 15, nearly 2 to 3 years did not clear history of meningitis vaccination. The investigated floating population had low cognitive level of the cerebrospinal meningitis and 98% had not received the meningococcal vaccine in the recent 3 years. In 2003 Urumqi, 15-year-old primary and secondary school students vaccinated A + C meningitis vaccine. The dominant strain is Neisseria meningitidis group (Nm). Conclusions Due to the neglect of management of floating population, the target population has a high cognitive level of convective brain, low self-protection awareness and low meningitis vaccination rate, and the prevalence of meningococcal meningitis caused by the accumulation of susceptible people. To this end, the target population of meningitis vaccine taken emergency vaccination and preventive medication and other measures to control the spread of the epidemic.