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目的了解上海市闸北区企业职业危害监测情况,探索今后职业病防治工作的重点,为科学寻找职业病防治措施提供针对性的建议。方法对2006—2012年辖区内244家企业作业场所职业病危害因素监测结果进行分析。结果粉尘、毒物、物理因素7年的合格率分别为93.40%、98.01%、82.91%,超标项目主要为矽尘、木粉尘、锰及其无机化合物、苯系物和噪声。不同监测因素之间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=140.004,P<0.01);不同规模企业职业病危害合格率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.691,P<0.01),大型企业监测合格率低于中小型企业;不同经济类型间合格率差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=19.682,P<0.01),外资类企业监测合格率明显低于其他经济类型企业。结论应加强对涉及矽尘、木粉尘、锰及其无机化合物、苯系物等有毒有害因素的企业的监督监测,同时也应关注大中型企业、外资类企业,加强其职业卫生监督管理工作。
Objective To understand the monitoring of occupational hazards in Zhabei District of Shanghai and explore the focus of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in the future so as to provide targeted suggestions for scientific prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods The monitoring results of occupational hazards in 244 workplaces in the area from 2006 to 2012 were analyzed. Results The passing rates of dust, poison and physical factors for 7 years were 93.40%, 98.01% and 82.91%, respectively. The over-standard items were mainly silica dust, wood dust, manganese and its inorganic compounds, benzene compounds and noise. There was significant difference in pass rate among different monitoring factors (χ2 = 140.004, P <0.01). There was significant difference in occupational disease hazard rates between different scale enterprises (χ2 = 9.691, P <0.01) For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the difference in pass rates among different types of economy was also statistically significant (χ2 = 19.682, P <0.01). The pass rates for monitoring foreign-funded enterprises were significantly lower than those for other types of enterprises. Conclusion Supervision and monitoring of enterprises involved in toxic and harmful factors such as silica dust, wood dust, manganese, inorganic compounds and benzene series substances should be strengthened. At the same time, large and medium-sized enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises should also be concerned to strengthen their occupational health supervision and management.