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国家行政机构效率的高低与官吏队伍吐故纳新的方式密切相关。选拔官吏是“纳新”;官吏的退休是“吐故”。中国古籍所称的“致仕、休致、致事、告退、乞退、归隐、乞骸骨”等等,都是指官吏的退休。就中国的官吏退休制度而言,其源流极长,滥觞於商周,一直绵延至今。令人遗憾的是,中国官吏退休制度史不如官吏选拔制度那样幸运,它长期被史学界所忽视,沈星棣教授的新著《中国古代官吏退休制度史》(江西教育出版社1992年7月版)填补了这一研究领域
The level of efficiency of the state administration is closely related to the new way of expelling officials in the government. The selection of officials is “satisfied with the new”; the official's retirement is “vomit.” Chinese ancient books refer to “retirement, rest, retribution, retirement, begging retreating, returning to imprisonment, begging for bones” and so on, all referring to the retired officials. As far as China's official retirement system is concerned, its origins are very long and originated in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Regrettably, the history of the retirement system of Chinese officials is not as fortunate as that of the official selection system. It has long been overlooked by the historians. Professor Shen Xingdi's new book entitled “History of the Retirement System of Ancient Chinese Officials” (Jiangxi Education Press, July 1992 edition ) Fills this area of research