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Itis rare for a primary tumor to occur in an ileal conduit,rnalthough it has been used for urinary diversion for more than rnfour decades. Most malignant tumors that have been reported rnin ileal conduits have been adenocarcinomas. 1,2 To our rnknowledge, squamous cell carcinoma in an orthotopic and rncontinent ileal neobladder has not been reported. We report rnhere a case of squamous cell carcinoma and calculi in an rnileal neobladder 6 years after a cystectomy and an ileal rnneobladder diversion for transitional cell carcinoma of the rnbladder and also review the literature.