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目的探讨慢性肌肉骨骼损伤与电解铝厂工人职业病的相关性。方法选取某电解铝厂100名电解铝工人和100名行政管理工作人员分别设为观察组和对照组,分析比较两组人员慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的检出率。结果观察组肌肉骨骼损伤检出率(54.00%)高于对照组(14.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。腰背部疼痛检出率最高,观察组肩部、腕部和腰背部肌肉骨骼损伤检出率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。检出率随着工龄的增加而增加(P<0.01),采用固定站立操作姿势工作的人员肌肉骨骼损伤检出率高于采用“自由站立”和“坐姿”操作姿势工作的人员(P<0.008)。结论保持同一姿势进行长时间作业是导致电解铝厂工人肌肉骨骼损伤的首要原因,应采取相应的措施对病情的发生和发展进行控制。
Objective To investigate the correlation between chronic musculoskeletal injuries and occupational diseases in aluminum foundry workers. Methods A total of 100 electrolytic aluminum workers and 100 administrative staff in an aluminum smelter were selected as the observation group and the control group respectively. The detection rate of chronic musculoskeletal injuries was compared between the two groups. Results The detection rate of musculoskeletal injury in observation group was 54.00% higher than that in control group (14.00%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The detection rate of lumbar and back pain was the highest. The detection rate of musculoskeletal injuries in the shoulder, wrist and lower back was higher in the observation group than in the control group (P <0.05). The detection rate increased with the increase of seniority (P <0.01). The detection rate of musculoskeletal injuries of staff working in fixed standing posture was higher than that of the staff using “free standing” and “sitting posture” (P <0.008). Conclusion Maintaining the same posture for a long time is the primary reason for the musculoskeletal injury of aluminum workers. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to control the occurrence and development of the disease.