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目的探索江苏省疟疾高发地区健康教育措施干预疟疾流行的效果。方法2003~2008年在江苏省盱眙县试验区实行健康教育为主的干预措施,并与对照区同时实施相同的其他防治措施,观察乡(镇)化验员镜检能力、中小学生疟防知识知晓率、居民蚊帐使用率和露宿率情况的变化。结果试验区乡(镇)化验员镜检合格率从干预前的12.50%提高到干预后的88.89%;中学生和小学生疟防知识知晓率分别从27.27%和25.18%提高到86.32%和85.61%;发热病人在症状出现2 d内就诊的比例从50.81%提高到81.07%;居民蚊帐使用比例从43.08%提高到84.72%,居民露宿率从40.07%下降至8.08%。对照区乡(镇)化验员镜检合格人数、中小学生疟防知识知晓率、发热病人在症状出现2 d内就诊的比例干预前后变化不明显。结论疟疾健康教育干预措施可明显增强试验区中小学生和居民的自我保护意识。
Objective To explore the effect of health education intervention in malaria endemic areas in Jiangsu Province. Methods From 2003 to 2008, we implemented health education-based interventions in the Xuyi pilot area in Jiangsu Province. In addition, we implemented the same measures at the same time as the control area to observe the mirror examination ability of rural (town) laboratory technicians, knowledge of malaria prevention knowledge among primary and secondary school students Rate, changes in residential nets utilization and occupancy rates. Results The passing rate of laboratory technicians in township (town) in the experimental area increased from 12.50% before intervention to 88.89% after intervention. The awareness of malaria prevention among middle school and primary school students increased from 27.27% and 25.18% to 86.32% and 85.61% respectively. Fever patients within 2 days from the onset of symptoms increased from 50.81% to 81.07%; the proportion of residents using mosquito nets increased from 43.08% to 84.72%, and the resident outcropping rate dropped from 40.07% to 8.08%. There was no obvious change in the number of qualified microscopists, the awareness rate of malaria prevention knowledge among primary and middle school students and the proportion of fever patients within 2 days after the symptom onset in the control area. Conclusion The malaria health education interventions can significantly enhance the self-protection awareness of primary and secondary students and residents in the experimental area.