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官办企业与民间实业林则徐、魏源倡导发展的中国近代企业,李鸿章、盛宣怀兴办的洋务实业,其体制结构和运作方式,大都是官办或官督商办。洋务运动有图强自救的积极面,但作为中国君主政体内的自改革,从一开始就受到大清国朝廷的掣肘,在娘胎里就与整个官僚机构有千丝万缕的联系,因而带有鲜明的官僚买办色彩。企业的资金、人员、管理,产品的销售、流通、分配等等,无不在清朝官员的掌控之中。盛宣怀
Government-run enterprises and non-governmental industries Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan advocate the development of modern Chinese enterprises, Li Hongzhang and Sheng Xuanhuai. The institutional structure and mode of operation are mostly government-run or government-run businesses. The Westernization Movement has the positive side of self-help. However, as a self-reform within the Chinese monarchy, from the very beginning it was constrained by the Qing court and was inextricably linked with the entire bureaucracy in the womb, Bright bureaucratic comprador color. Enterprise funds, personnel, management, product sales, distribution, distribution, etc., are all under the control of officials in the Qing Dynasty. Sheng Xuanhuai