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目的探讨学龄期肥胖儿童的气质特点及其相关因素对肥胖儿童气质的影响,为肥胖儿童的身心健康教育和家庭教育提供参考依据。方法采用“中国8~12岁学龄儿童气质问卷”对单纯性肥胖组和正常体重组儿童各119名进行问卷调查。用自制的“儿童一般资料问卷”进行相关因素调查。结果在气质类型分布上,肥胖组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在气质维度上,肥胖组男童注意分散的得分明显低于正常组(P<0.05),肥胖组女童趋避性、适应性、持久性上得分高于正常组(P<0.05或<0.01);活动水平、反应阈的得分低于正常组(P<0.05)。影响学龄期肥胖儿童气质维度的相关因素有学前带养史、家庭结构、母亲文化程度、父母婚姻关系、父母教养方式、父母管教态度。结论对特殊气质的肥胖儿童应根据气质特点有针对性的进行个性化教育,促使肥胖儿童身心健康发展。
Objective To investigate the temperament characteristics of obese children and their related factors on the temperament of obese children and provide reference for the physical and mental health education and family education of obese children. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 119 Chinese children aged 8-12 years with simple obesity group and normal weight group respectively. Use the self-made “General Information Children’s Questionnaire” to conduct relevant factor survey. Results In the distribution of temperament types, there was significant difference between obesity group and normal group (P <0.01). In temperament dimension, the attentional scores of boys in obesity group were significantly lower than those in normal group (P <0.05). The scores of obesity, adaptability and persistence in obesity group were higher than those in normal group (P <0.05 or <0.01). Activity level and reaction threshold score were lower than those in normal group (P <0.05). Relevant factors affecting the temperament dimension of school-age obese children are the history of preschool nursing, family structure, mother’s educational level, parent-child relationship, parental rearing style and parental discipline. Conclusion Obese children with special temperament should be personalized education according to temperament characteristics, promote the healthy development of obese children.