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为探索抑制个体功能的生长冗余以实现群体性能优化并挖掘作物高产潜力的途径,通过桶栽试验,选择分蘖能力中等的小偃22号和分蘖能力较强的郑麦7698,对比研究2种灌水模式(全生育期充分灌水和分生育期调亏灌水)和3种分蘖干扰(从拔节期开始去除所有小分蘖,仅保留主茎和1个大分蘖;抽穗期去除所有无效分蘖;以不作任何干扰为对照),来模拟不同水分供应和不可预测干扰对冬小麦生理生长、产量和水分利用效率的补偿机制.结果表明:2个冬小麦品种均存在生长冗余.与小偃22号相比,郑麦7698有效分蘖数较高,但穗部性状较差.调亏灌水和抽穗期去除无效分蘖均可减少生长冗余,弱化竞争能力,改变源-库关系,提高资源分配.但冗余消除过度(拔节期干扰)则会破坏植株固有的根冠平衡和功能结构,导致生长的不足补偿.与对照相比,调亏灌水联合抽穗期去除无效分蘖可在时空尺度上充分开发和利用作物自身调控潜力实现补偿生长,在不显著影响籽粒产量的同时可提高水分利用效率20.4%~25.4%,是适宜的减冗增效措施.
In order to explore ways to inhibit the growth redundancy of individual functions in order to optimize population performance and tap the high yield potential of crops, we selected Xiaoyan 22 with medium tillering capacity and Zhengmai 7698 with strong tillering ability through barrethickness test. Irrigation mode (fully irrigated and irrigated during the whole growth period) and three tillering disturbances (all small tillers were removed from the jointing stage, only the main stem and one large tiller were retained; all ineffective tillers were removed at heading stage; Any interference as a control) to simulate the compensatory mechanism of the physiological growth, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under different water supply and unpredictable disturbance.The results showed that both of the two winter wheat cultivars had growth redundancy.Compared with Xiaoyan 22, Zhengmai 7698 had higher effective tiller number but poorer ear traits.Improving tillering irrigation and invalid tillering at heading stage could reduce growth redundancy, weaken competition ability, change source-sink relation and improve resource allocation, but redundancy elimination Excessive (jointing disturbance) would destroy the plant’s root and shoot balance and functional structure, resulting in the lack of growth compensation.Compared with the control, combined with deficit irrigation and heading stage to remove invalid tillering can be On the spatial scale, full development and utilization of crop self-regulation potential to achieve compensatory growth can improve water use efficiency by 20.4% ~ 25.4% while not significantly affecting grain yield, which is an appropriate measure to reduce waste and improve efficiency.