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人工湿地是一项高效的矿山废水重金属污染控制技术。如果能使用当地土壤作为基质,则可以大大降低人工湿地的构建成本。文章比较了不同pH调控措施下红壤对矿山废水中锰离子的吸附效率,并探讨了生物还原作用与植株生长对红壤湿地中锰运移的影响。结果表明:添加碳酸钙比氢氧化钙处理更能显著提高红壤对锰离子的吸附效率。伴随着生物还原作用,红壤土柱间隙水中保持一定的锰浓度,而碳酸钙处理能维持锰离子的吸附固持趋势。在野外红壤基人工湿地中,碳酸钙添加能够显著降低间隙水中锰浓度,但在植株种植与碳酸钙添加共存时,间隙水中锰浓度反而高于对照红壤组。因此,构建处理重金属污染废水的红壤基人工湿地时必须同时优化pH调控与植株种植措施。
Constructed wetland is an efficient control technology of heavy metal pollution in mining wastewater. If the local soil can be used as matrix, the construction cost of constructed wetland can be greatly reduced. In this paper, the adsorption efficiency of manganese ions from red soil to mine wastewater under different pH control measures was compared. The effects of biological reduction and plant growth on manganese transport in red soil wetlands were also discussed. The results showed that the addition of calcium carbonate could significantly improve the manganese ion adsorption efficiency in red soil. Along with the bioreduction, the manganese concentration in the interstice water of red soil maintained a certain level, while the calcium carbonate treatment could maintain the adsorption and retention of manganese ions. In the red soil-based constructed wetlands in the wild, the addition of calcium carbonate significantly reduced the concentration of manganese in the interstitial water, but when the plant was planted with calcium carbonate, the manganese concentration in the interstitial water was higher than that in the control red soil group. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the pH control and plant planting measures to construct red soil-based constructed wetlands for treating heavy metal-contaminated wastewater.