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芸薹属内遗传和变异类型极其丰富,这为芸薹属植物种间杂交提供了条件。通过甘蓝(B.oleracea,2n=CC=18)和芥菜型油菜(2n=AABB=36)的种间杂交可以获得六倍体新物种,为油菜育种创造新的种质资源。本文选用芥菜型油菜和黄籽羽衣甘蓝(B.oleraceavar.aceaphala,2n=CC=18)进行种间杂交,在10个杂交组合中,共授粉559朵花,剥离种子35粒,对所得种子进行组织培养,建立了9个无性系。对该无性系进行染色体加倍处理和形态学、生物化学、细胞学、育性综合鉴定,发现其中2个无性系为黄籽芥菜型油菜×黄籽羽衣甘蓝组合(03K169×03K05)的未加倍真杂种(2n=ABC=27),其籽粒为红色。杂种植株在各生长阶段,形态均趋近于甘蓝型油菜;在减数分裂后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ,杂种都有不同程度的染色体丢失现象。杂种的酯酶同工酶具有两个亲本互补酶带。杂种植株生长势较强,和双亲相比具有较强的杂种优势。杂种植株高度自交不亲和。
Brassica genus and genetic variation types are extremely rich, which provided the conditions for interspecific hybridization between Brassica plants. New hexaploid species were obtained through interspecific cross between B. oleracea (2n = CC = 18) and B. juncea (2n = AABB = 36), creating new germplasm resources for rapeseed breeding. In this study, interspecific hybridization was conducted between Brassica juncea and B.oleraceavar. Acetahala (2n = CC = 18) .A total of 559 flowers were pollination and 35 seeds were peeled in 10 hybrids. Tissue culture, established nine clones. Chromosome doubling treatment and morphological, biochemical, cytological and fertility identification of the clones revealed that two of the two clones were found to be indefinitely true of the combination of yellow and blue kale × yellow seed kale (03K169 × 03K05) Hybrid (2n = ABC = 27), the grain is red. The hybrid plants grew closer to Brassica napus in all growth stages, and there were different degrees of chromosomal loss in late stage Ⅱ and late stage of meiosis. Hybrid esterase isozymes have two parental complement bands. Hybrid plants grow stronger and have stronger heterosis than their parents. Hybrids are highly self-incompatible.