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古代注释中常用“如字”标音见义。关于“如字”的含义,主要有两种认识:(1)如字指本音,即构词变读中的词根音;(2)如字指当时的习用音。通过用例考察发现,用来标音见义的“如字”可分两类:(1)如字不是词根音,但是习用音;(2)如字即词根音,也是习用音。据此,并结合当时的切语用字以及“如”这个字的意义可以推断:“如字”指当时的习用音,记录相应的习用义;它们跟本音、本义不是同一概念,但时有重合。同一字的两个或以上读音若皆常用,则或不标“如字”、或以本音为如字。
Commonly used in ancient annotations “such as the word ” punctuation. There are mainly two kinds of cognition about the meaning of “Like Word ”: (1) If the word refers to the sound, the root sound in the word change; (2) If the word refers to the prevailing pronunciation at that time. By examining the use cases, we found that the “” characters such as “如” used for pronunciation and righteousness can be divided into two categories: (1) if the word is not a root pronunciation, but a conventional pronunciation; (2) Based on this, we can conclude that “” such as “” means the prevailing pronunciation at that time, and records the corresponding meaning of usage at the time; meanwhile, they are not the same concept as the original meaning , But sometimes overlap. If two or more pronunciations of the same word are commonly used, then “” such as “”, or to the sound as the word.