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原子世界最显著的特点之一,就是不连续性。例如,水银在室温下是液体,看起来似乎是连续的,可以任意分割的。但深入到原子世界去看,便发现水银并不是连续的,并不是可以任意分割的。水银是由一粒粒水银原子组成的。而水银原子却不能任意分割。将水银原子分成两半后,得到的便不再是水银原子,而是两个其他元素的原子了。再举一个例子罢!各种原子的重量也是不连续的。最轻的原子是氢,它的原子量是1.008。其次就是氘,它的原子量一下子就跳到2.015。再其次就是氚和氦,它们的原子量又一下子跳到3.017。此后还是一步一步跳跃地增加,而不是连续地增加。原子世界中许多性质都具有这种不连续性。我们可以称这种不连续性为“量子性”。
One of the most striking features of the atomic world is discontinuity. For example, mercury is liquid at room temperature and appears to be continuous and can be arbitrarily divided. But when we look deep into the atomic world, we find that mercury is not continuous and cannot be divided arbitrarily. Mercury consists of a particle of mercury atoms. Mercury atoms cannot be arbitrarily divided. After dividing the mercury atoms in half, the mercury atoms are no longer the atoms but two other elements. To give another example, the weight of various atoms is also discontinuous. The lightest atom is hydrogen, and its atomic weight is 1.008. The second is cricket, and its atomic weight suddenly jumps to 2.015. The second is 氚 and 氦, and their atomic weight jumped to 3.017 again. Since then, it has increased step by step, not continuously. Many properties in the atomic world have this discontinuity. We can call this discontinuity “quantum.”