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PTEN基因是迄今为止发现的第一个具有磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,具有调节细胞生长的作用。该基因的突变或缺失导致机体肿瘤的发生,在头颈部鳞状细胞癌、肝癌、错构瘤综合征、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤中可检测到该基因的突变。PTEN主要通过其脂质磷酸化酶活性使得PIP3去磷酸化,阻止细胞生长和促进细胞凋亡。另外,还参与调控细胞增殖和凋亡,调节P13K/Akt信号途径。PTEN基因异常与恶性肿瘤的发生发展相关,其异常表达可能是评估疗效和预后的预测指标。对PTEN基因的深入研究有可能为妇科肿瘤的治疗提供新的靶点,为早期诊断、判断预后以及指导治疗提供依据。
PTEN gene is by far the first tumor suppressor gene with phosphatase activity and has the function of regulating cell growth. Mutations or deletions of this gene lead to the development of tumors in the body. Mutations in this gene can be detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, hamartoma syndrome, breast cancer, endometrial cancer and testicular germ cell tumors. PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 primarily through its lipid phosphorylase activity, preventing cell growth and promoting apoptosis. In addition, it is also involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis and regulation of the P13K / Akt signaling pathway. PTEN gene abnormalities and the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, the abnormal expression may be a prognostic indicator to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis. In-depth study of the PTEN gene may provide a new target for the treatment of gynecologic oncology, provide a basis for early diagnosis, prognosis and guidance treatment.