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村民委员会组织法自1988年试行以来,以直接选举为基础的基层民主成为我国政治民主建设的一道亮丽风景。目前全国绝大多数农村村委会普遍完成了4至5次的换届选举工作,基本实现了数百万村委会干部由上级指派、任命,到由村民群众直接选举产生的平稳过渡。去年,有18个省区市顺利完成了村委会换届选举工作,7亿多选民以选票行使了宪法和法律赋予的民主权利,参选率达80%以上,一大批素质高、年纪轻、能力强的新任村干部走马上任。然而,少数地方在换届选举中却出现了怪现象——拉选票,搞贿选,其手段可谓花样百出。本期对此专题策划了一组文章:一篇是来自河南的调查,小店村农民10元钱就“卖掉”自己的民主权利,发人深思;一篇是来自浙江的报道,温州乡村新富贿选当村官,村民自治遭受了“贿选风”的袭击,让人担忧;那么,村民自治,中国这个最基层的民主实践到底面临哪些挑战呢?著名社会学家党国英在第三篇文章中作了独到的分析,令人耳目一新。
Since the organization law of the villagers’ committees was piloted in 1988, grassroots democracy based on direct election has become a beautiful landscape for the construction of political democracy in our country. At present, the vast majority of rural village committees nationwide have generally completed 4 to 5 general election elections, basically realizing the smooth transition from the appointment and appointment of millions of village committee cadres by their superiors to the direct election by villagers. Last year, 18 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities successfully completed the election of village committees. More than 700 million voters exercised the democratic rights granted by the Constitution and laws by votes. The rate of candidature reached more than 80%. A large number of high quality and young people, Strong new village cadres took office. However, in a few places there have been strange phenomena in general election - pulling votes and engaging in election bribery. Its means are numerous and varied. This issue of planning a series of articles on this topic: one is from Henan survey, shop village farmers 10 yuan “sell ” own democratic rights, thought-provoking; one from Zhejiang reports, What is the challenge facing villagers’ self-government and the most basic democratic practice in China? The famous sociologist Dang Yongguo at the invitation of the village chief and villager autonomy suffered the “bribery election” attack. The third article made a unique analysis, it is refreshing.