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民国初年的北京,由于外国资本主义侵略势力的逐步深入,不断扩展和军阀政府的独裁卖国,生产遭到严重破坏,社会经济趋于衰落,百业凋敝,市面冷落(见图1)。袁世凯为了争取日本帝国主义支持他复辟称帝,于1915年5月9日,公然接受了日本帝国主义旨在灭亡中国的“二十一条”。5月25日,中日双方代表在京签字(见图2)。北洋军阀的统治日益凶暴,帝国主义的
In the early years of the Republic of China, due to the deepening and continuous expansion of the aggressive forces of foreign capitalism and the dictatorial sale of warlord governments, production was severely damaged and the social economy tended to decline. All sectors of the economy were sluggish and the market was sluggish (see Figure 1). On May 9, 1915, Yuan Shih-kai openly accepted the “Article 21” of Japanese imperialism aimed at perishing China in order to win the support of Japanese imperialists for the restoration of emperor. On May 25, representatives of China and Japan signed in Beijing (see Figure 2). The rule of the Northern Warlords increasingly violent, imperialist