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在罗马尼亚黑海沿岸,就纳沃达里(Navodari)和巴亚(Baia)磷酸盐和多金属硫化矿矿石而言,历经50年集中开采和矿石加工作业,产生了数百万吨有害废物,这些废物残积高浓度游度状态重元素和放射性核素。在若干理化机理作用下,尾矿中的有毒元素被活化,迁移至周围环境并严重污染了土攘、地表水、地下水和黑海,而且呈蔓延态势。在纳沃达里和巴克,目前对人、土攘、淡水生态系统和黑海造成直接或间接影响的主要污染源,在本文中得以确认并赋予特性描述。此外,为了评估每个污染源给每个受影响地区所造成的风险级别,在污染源-污染途径-目标基础上进行了风险分析,并据此实施了全面的环境特性研究。在试验和风险分析数据的基拙上,提出了一项针对所有受影响地区的复原方案,旨在钝化污染源,进而通过治污行动恢复这些地区的生态环境。
In the Romanian Black Sea coast, in the case of the Navodari and Baia phosphate and polymetallic sulphide ores, which have resulted in millions of tonnes of hazardous waste after 50 years of centralized mining and ore processing operations Waste Residues High concentrations of cruising state heavy elements and radionuclides. Under a number of physical and chemical mechanisms, the toxic elements in the tailings are activated, migrate to the surrounding environment and pollute the soil, surface water, groundwater and the Black Sea, and they are spreading. In Navodari and Buck, the major sources of pollution currently affecting people, landlocked, freshwater ecosystems and the Black Sea, directly or indirectly, are identified and characterized in this paper. In addition, in order to assess the level of risk posed to each affected area by each source of contamination, a risk analysis was conducted on the basis of the source of pollution - the route of pollution - and a comprehensive environmental characterization study was conducted accordingly. In the baseline of trial and risk analysis data, a rehabilitation program targeting all affected areas was proposed to passivate sources of pollution and restore the ecological environment in these areas through pollution control operations.