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目前对球罐焊缝均采用静态无损检测法,即超声波、着色、射线和磁粉等探伤法。随着科学技术的发展,生产的需要,已逐步采用声发射这一动态无损检测来监控球罐质量的变化和焊接过程中质量的控制。本文仅对球罐焊缝“超声波探伤方法”加以介绍。钢制压力容器在焊接过程中,常见缺陷有裂纹、未焊透、未熔合、夹渣、气孔等。这些缺陷一般与焊缝表面垂直。利用带有一定角度的斜探头,使声波从基本金属的表面以横波形式转入到焊缝中去,如图1所示。当焊缝内无缺陷时,声波将继续进入母材向前传播,直到消失;如果焊缝内有缺陷存在,声波在缺陷界
At present the ball cans are used static weld non-destructive testing methods, namely ultrasonic, coloring, ray and magnetic detection methods. With the development of science and technology and the need of production, the dynamic non-destructive testing of acoustic emission has been gradually adopted to monitor the change of the quality of the spherical tank and the quality control in the welding process. This article only on the spherical tank weld “ultrasonic flaw detection method” to be introduced. Steel pressure vessel in the welding process, common defects are cracked, not welded, not fused, slag, porosity and so on. These defects are generally perpendicular to the weld surface. Using a skewed probe with a certain angle, the sound waves are transferred from the surface of the base metal into the weld as shear waves, as shown in FIG. 1. When there is no defect in the weld, the sound wave will continue to propagate into the base material until it disappears. If there is a defect in the weld,