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近年来,世界范围内水源性隐孢子虫病不断爆发。隐孢子虫卵囊壁对外界环境具有较强抵抗力,感染人的剂量较低,免疫力低下人群感染后症状较重,而临床上又无特效治疗药物。因此,及时检出水体中隐孢子虫卵囊的含量、种类及活力成为控制其大流行的首要任务。目前国际上推荐的隐孢子虫检测方法为美国EPA的1622或1623方法,但该方法造价高、过程繁琐且无法判断卵囊的种类及活力。各种PCR方法、LAMP方法、NASBA方法和核酸杂交等分子生物学方法则普遍具有速度快、灵敏度高、特异性好、费用低等特点,成为检测水体中隐孢子虫的重要手段和传统方法的有益补充。特别是分子生物学方法在卵囊类型判定和卵囊的活性有无的鉴别上普遍具有优势,因此还可以应用于隐孢子虫感染源的追踪溯源和污染环境的危害评估。其中,LAMP技术因其具有快速、特异性强、灵敏度高、成本低等优点,最具应用前景。
In recent years, water-borne cryptosporidiosis continues to erupt worldwide. Cryptosporidium oocysts wall has strong resistance to the external environment, the lower the dose of human infection, immunocompromised people infected with severe symptoms, but no clinically effective drugs. Therefore, timely detection of the content, type and viability of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water has become the primary task of controlling its pandemic. Currently, the international recommended method for detecting Cryptosporidium is US EPA 1622 or 1623 method, but the method is costly, the process is cumbersome and can not determine the type and vitality of oocysts. Molecular biology methods such as PCR, LAMP, NASBA and nucleic acid hybridization are generally characterized by high speed, high sensitivity, good specificity and low cost, and have become important methods and traditional methods for detecting Cryptosporidium in water Benefit supplement. In particular, molecular biology methods generally have advantages in determining the types of oocysts and the presence or absence of oocyst activity, and therefore can be applied to tracing the source of Cryptosporidium infection and assessing the environmental pollution. Among them, LAMP technology because of its fast, specific, high sensitivity, low cost, the most promising.